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The differentiation between scar tissue and disk herniation is essential in postdiskectomy problems of the lumbar spine, since reoperation on scar tissue alone is often unfavourable. Epidural scar is a vascularized tissue, and enhancement can be seen after intravenous contrast injection, allowing differentiation from avascular disk material. Ten patients who had previously undergone surgery for lu

The elucidation of the functional role of the basal forebrain cholinergic system will require access to a highly specific and efficient cholinergic neurotoxin. Recently, selective depletion of the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor-bearing cholinergic neurons in the rat basal forebrain and a dramatic loss of cholinergic innervation in the related cortical regions have been obtained following intra

The height development during childhood and puberty was analyzed in 54 girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis by the use of the Infancy Childhood Puberty growth model, which is based on healthy Swedish children. This model adjusts adolescent reference values for height for individual age at pubertal maturation. The scoliotic girls had an above-average height 2 years before the onset of the pub

The long-term fate of nonreduced intraspinal bone fragments in 17 thoracolumbar fractures - three not operated on and 14 stabilized with Harrington's rods or a Hartshill rectangle - was studied with CT. the reduction of the spinal canal area was measured in conjunction with the trauma in the nonoperated on cases and immediately after surgery in the other cases. the mean reduction was 29 (10-70) pe

The effect of amphetamine on striatal acetylcholine (ACh) release was studied by an in vivo intrastriatal microdialysis technique. Although we expected systemic amphetamine to inhibit baseline striatal ACh release, the opposite was found. In addition, we found that the amphetamine-induced striatal ACh release did not depend on nigrostriatal DA since 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions had no effect

This study shows that children with late-diagnosed congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH) have close to normal height development during the initial 6.0 years of life. The treatment consisted of immobilization for 0.5 to 1.3 years starting between 0.2 and 0.7 years of age. The present work addresses one specific issue that is related to the age at onset of the childhood component of the ICP growt

The difference in altitude between the proximal limit of the femoral head and the tip of the greater trochanter - the articulotrochanteric distance (ATD) -was recorded in 312 patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis and compared with that in normal hips. The ATD was markedly reduced after severe slipping, independent of the method of treatment. In mild or moderate slippings, the ATD differe

The regulation of acetylcholine (ACh) release from cholinergic neurons transplanted to the hippocampus or neocortex was studied by microdialysis in awake rats. Fetal basal forebrain tissue was implanted as a cell suspension or solid graft into the fimbria-fornix-lesioned hippocampus, or as a cell suspension into the frontal cortex after excitotoxic lesion of the nucleus basalis. Several months aft

In order to facilitate bone graft harvesting and to get more mouldable bone graft in posterolateral fusions of the lower lumbar spine, a modified technique of bone graft harvesting was utilized. Through a midline skin incision the most posterolateral part of an iliac crest was ground with a reamer to a smooth bone paste. The technique was used in lumbar posterolateral fusions without osteosynthesi

A boy with bilateral duplication of his patellae was radiographically examined between 8 and 11 years of age. the duplication was probably caused by a disrupted fusion of two ossification centra.

Background: Artisanal small-scale gold miners have high levels of mercury in human specimens often above recommended threshold values. There are differences reported in the manifestation of neurological symptoms of individuals with a comparable level of exposure to mercury, suggesting a genetic component influencing the susceptibility to mercury neurotoxicity. Objective: To investigate association

The effects of central cholinergic blockade on spatial memory were tested in aged and basal forebrain-lesioned rats using the Morris Water Maze. In Experiment 1, aged rats (18-21 months old) were characterized as behaviorally impaired or nonimpaired based on water maze performance prior to an atropine sulfate challenge. In the atropine test (50 mg/kg, IP), both the impaired and the nonimpaired rat

A 9-year-old boy sustained a Salter-Harris Type IV fracture in the proximal tibia. the injury resulted in a progressive valgus deformity, detected already after 3 months by roentgen stereophotogrammetry. After temporary stapling medially, the growth rate increased laterally and the deformity was corrected. Unilateral stapling is an alternative procedure for correcting angular deformity following a

At birth a girl sustained a displaced femoral fracture that healed with considerable shortening and angulation. the correction by growth of the deformity was followed radiographically during the entire 16-year growth period.

Previous microdialysis experiments have shown that acetylcholine (ACh) release from septal grafts in the hippocampus of awake rats is influenced by the behaviour of the animals, which strongly suggests that the host brain can exert a regulatory control over the activity of the grafted neurons. Since the activity of the normal septo-hippocampal cholinergic system is likely to be regulated, in part,