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Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is considered an attractive strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Favorable metabolic effects of AMPK activation are mainly observed in skeletal muscle and liver tissue whereas the effects in human adipose tissue are only poorly understood. Previous studies, which largely employed the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-D-ribof

Shunting yards are one of the main areas impacting the reliability of rail freight networks, and delayed departures from shunting yards can further also affect the punctuality of mixed-traffic networks. Methods for automatic detection of departures, which are likely to be delayed, can therefore contribute towards increasing the reliability and punctuality of both freight and passenger services. In

Background: Hereditary thrombocytopenias constitute a genetically heterogeneouscause of increased bleeding. We report a case of a 17-year-old boy suffering fromsevere macrothrombocytopenia throughout his life. Whole genome sequencing revealed the presence of two compound heterozygous variants in GNE encoding the enzyme UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase, crucial for si

Objective: To assess the proportion of participants reconsidering their willingness to undergo surgery after 3 and 12 months. Secondary aims were to analyze and compare the characteristics of individuals willing and unwilling to undergo joint surgery for osteoarthritis (OA) before a first-line intervention, and to study the association between pain intensity, walking difficulties, self-efficacy, a

Purpose: In spine surgery single item patient-reported outcome assessment has been used for many years. Items 1 and 2 of SF-36 are used for assessment of general health. We used these items to explore single item, self-rated, general health assessment after spine surgery. Methods: Patients operated for lumbar disc herniation or lumbar spinal stenosis between 2007 and 2017, were recruited from the

Background: Gastric bypass surgery (GBP) provokes rapid improvement of type 2 diabetes (T2D) prior to significant weight loss. Thishas been attributed to altered secretion of the two incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependentinsulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Here we studied the effects of very low calorie diet (VLCD) vs. the immediate effects of GBP onglycaemia and inc

Background: Medicinal plants are used to treat various disorders, including diabetes, globally in a range of formulations. While attention has mainly been on the aerial plant parts, there are only a few review studies to date that are focused on the natural constituents present in the plant roots with health benefits. Thus, the present study was performed to review in vivo studies investigating th

BackgroundImmunosuppressed patients are particularly vulnerable to severe infection from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), risking prolonged viremia and symptom duration. In this study we describe clinical and virological treatment outcomes in a heterogeneous group of patients with severe immunosuppression due to various causes suffering from COVID-19 infection, who

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the fastest increasing diseases worldwide. Although it is defined by a single metabolite, glucose, it is increasingly recognized as a highly heterogeneous disease with varying clinical manifestations. Identification of different subtypes at an early stage of disease when complications might still be prevented could hopefully allow for more personalized medicine. An

Aims: To examine the effect of lifestyle (diet and physical activity) interventions on the prevalence of GDM, considering the method of GDM ascertainment and its association with early pregnancy characteristics and maternal and neonatal outcomes in the LIFE-Moms consortium. Methods: LIFE-Moms evaluated the effects of lifestyle interventions to optimize gestational weight gain in 1148 pregnant wome

Aims: The Diabetes Incidence in Kronoberg (DIK) study of adult-onset diabetes used serological classification. Standard Mortality Rates (SMR) and Years of Life Lost (YLL) 15 years after adult-onset (18–100 years) of diabetes were compared to the population of Kronoberg. Methods: Of 1609/1660 (97%) patients, 112 (7%) had type 1 (T1D) (GADA+ and/or ICA+, and/or C-peptide < 0.25 nmol/l), and 1497 (93

Objective: Both psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have a significant impact on quality of life, but few reports have compared the two diseases. The current study assessed health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in PsA at diagnosis and after five years compared with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and a matched general population. Methods: Patients with early PsA and early RA i

Background: The cultural and language diversity across many European countries presents a range of challenges and opportunities for speech and language therapists and other practitioners working with children with developmental language disorders (DLD) and their families. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore practitioners' perceptions of cultural and linguistic differences in response t

Context: Autonomic nervous system activation mediates the increase in whole-body glucoseuptake in response to electroacupuncture but the mechanisms are largely unknown.Objective: To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying electroacupuncture-inducedglucose uptake in skeletal muscle in insulin-resistant overweight/obese women with andwithout polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Design/Participants:

Only some individuals with obesity develop liver fibrosis due to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD-fibrosis). We determined whether detailed assessment of lifestyle factors in addition to physical, biochemical and genetic factors helps in identification of these patients. A total of 100 patients with obesity (mean BMI 40.0 ± 0.6 kg/m2 ) referred for bariatric surgery at the Helsinki Univers

Streptococcus pyogenes is a major human pathogen that causes a variety of diseases ranging from mild skin and throat infections to fatal septicemia. In severe invasive infections, S. pyogenes encounters and interacts with components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), including small leucine rich-proteoglycans (SLRPs). In this study, we report a novel antimicrobial role played by SLRPs biglycan, de

Paracetamol, one of the most widely used pain-relieving drugs, is deacetylated to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) that undergoes fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)-dependent biotransformation into N-arachidonoylphenolamine (AM404), which mediates TRPV1-dependent antinociception in the brain of rodents. However, paracetamol is also converted to the liver-toxic metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine already a