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A Novel Test for Recessive Contributions to Complex Diseases Implicates Bardet-Biedl Syndrome Gene BBS10 in Idiopathic Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity

Rare-variant association studies in common, complex diseases are customarily conducted under an additive risk model in both single-variant and burden testing. Here, we describe a method to improve detection of rare recessive variants in complex diseases termed RAFT (recessive-allele-frequency-based test). We found that RAFT outperforms existing approaches when the variant influences disease risk i

Professionalism and Organizational Performance in the Wake of New Managerialism

With New Public Management came the idea that public organizations should be led by professional managers, rather than by professionals. This has been referred to as new managerialism. This article explores how new managerialism may affect professional autonomy in a public organization that enjoys a high – and constitutionally protected – degree of organizational autonomy. A framework distinguishi

The morphogenesis of intention and structural stability of motifs.

This article is based on the Agent-action-Objective (AaO) axiom and assumes that intention can be discovered and made evident. But this requirement can be satisfied only under the condition that a particular individual can be identified with his style of writing. This implies that the nature of writing becomes approachable. Getting a style under control presupposes the A-component, which is discus

Snowmelt sensitivity to radiation in the urban environment

Despite having the same snowmelt processes, snowpacks in urban environments experience a range of conditions different from those of rural areas. Melt is intensified at some sites due to greater radiative energy. Shading, however, can reduce radiation and melt at other sites. Changes to the radiation balance and snowpack processes have been investigated. A physical snowpack model was developed and

Carrot psyllid (Trioza apicalis) winter habitats - insights in shelter plant preference and migratory capacity

The carrot psyllid (Trioza apicalis) is a serious pest in carrot-growing areas in northern and parts of central Europe. The psyllids overwinter as adults on conifers and during summer feed and lay eggs on carrot plants (Daucus carota ssp. sativus), thereby destroying the crop. To investigate the migratory capabilities and preferences for different shelter plant species of the carrot psyllid, we ma

Patients' experiences of consultations for nonspecific chronic orofacial pain: A phenomenological study

Aims: To use a qualitative research study to analyze the experiences of patients with nonspecific chronic orofacial pain with respect to consultations for their pain condition. Methods: Fourteen patients (11 women and 3 men; age range, 21 to 77 years) were strategically selected through a purposive sampling of the chronic orofacial pain patients referred to the Orofacial Pain Unit at the Faculty o