Background: Epidemiological data indicate decreased risk for development and growth of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), but DM also goes with increased cardiovascular (CV)morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the effects of DM on mortality and CV morbidity after elective open AAA repair. Methods: This is a nationwide observational cohort study of patients

Background and aim: The value of the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) is useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Previous studies on lung function in individuals with severe alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) have shown a variable annual decline in FEV1 (∆FEV1). The aim of this study was to analyze ∆FEV1 and to identify risk factors fo

One way to increase distribution network reliability is to replace traditional overhead lines with underground cables. To fully utilize these investments, network owners will have to adjust their reliability engineering methods to suit the new cable networks. In this paper different condition assessment methods as well as improved failure statistics for cable systems are considered. The paper is b

Aerosol particles are found in the whole troposphere. Research regarding these particles has gained increased attention because of the effect the particles have on both health and climate. In the atmosphere, aerosol particles scatter incoming solar radiation and this has a cooling effect on the Earth’s climate. But there are particles, especially those containing soot, which can absorb sun light a

The basis for the article is the notion that man cannot be seen as simply another part of the ecosystem: human actions must be understood in terms of human culture. Culture is the filter through which humans see and interact with their environment. This means that human actions are not always the most "economical" in terms of adapting to natural conditions. In fact, sometimes the effort to fulfill

The existence of two genetic variants (allotypes) of normal human factor IX is used for carrier detection in three families with severe and one with mild haemophilia B. By analysis of IX:Ag with two different monoclonal antibodies in 93 members of the families, allelic assignment is shown to be a complement in carrier diagnosis to genotypic DNA studies. Allelic assignment makes possible a reliable

This paper presents evidence on income-related inequalities in self- assessed health in nine industrialized countries. Health interview survey data were used to construct concentration curves of self-assessed health, measured as a latent variable. Inequalities in health favoured the higher income groups and were statistically significant in all countries. Inequalities were particularly high in the

Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Women who develops hyperglycemia for the first time during pregnancy receive the diagnosis gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Presently, there is no consensus about the diagnostic criteria for GDM. A majority of these women subsequently develop postpartum overt diabetes making it important to identify these patients

Stream ecosystems are dynamic and they have an inherent environmental variability. Organisms that live in streams are adapted to the continuously changing environment and the presence or absence of species are determined by their environmental requirements, while abundance is most often affected by interactions, such as competition and predation, with other species that are found in the same habit

Aims: We aimed to evaluate the potential relation between the incidence of (alcoholic and non-alcoholic) acute pancreatitis (AP) and alcohol consumption in the general population, and whether the occurrence of AP shows any seasonal variation, particularly in relation to periods with expected increased alcohol consumption.Methods: All patients with first-time AP between 2003 and 2012 in a well-defi

This paper estimates the influence that rural-to-urban commuting has on rural employment growth, and whether the strength and spatial reach of this effect depend on commuters' levels of education. A main finding is that rural-to-urban commuting has a robust positive impact on rural employment growth in services and retail. There is no significant difference in how far these effects reach into rura