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In a democratic system, various party political views are set against each other, i.e. there are opposing positions, for voters to choose between, because in a democratic system the power proceeds from the people. However, national parliaments within the EU are criticised for their democratic deficit, which can be caused by the lack of opposition, a so called opposition deficit. The problem is con

Boreal forest ecosystems are predicted to experience hotter and drier summers due to climate change, leading to more frequently reduced soil water availability and an increased risk of droughts, as was already the case in Northern Europe during the severe summer drought of 2018. Prolonged water stress in forest ecosystems can lead to impacts ranging from reduced photosynthesis to forest dieback. H

Background In a world where the rate of technological change is constantly accelerating, it is getting more and more important for companies to adopt new technologies and processes to stay competitive. Most recently, the concept of Industry 4.0 has emerged as the newest technological paradigm within industrial management and has its roots in the German government’s technological strategy. On a hig

Diskrimination baserat på en patients etnicitet, kön och socioekonomisk status är en utmaning för dagens sjukvård. Trots att Sverige har blivit erkänt för sin jämställdhet och socialdemokratiska styre kvarstår tecken på diskriminering vilket kan leda till felaktiga sjukvårdsbedömningar. Det har insinuerats att etniska minoriteter, kvinnor och individer med låg socioekonomisk status ofta diskrimine

Banks are normally heavily indebted with equity levels of 5-10 percent of total assets or even lower. The assets consist mainly of short-term and long-term loans, funded by deposits which can be withdrawn at short notice. In order to avoid excessive withdrawals, which is called a bank run, deposit insurance systems, guaranteed by the state, are generally in operation. The financial sector is chara

Authors: Andersson, Carl-Johan and Löfstrand, Pontus Supervisors: Nilsson, Lars J. Department of Technology and Society, Environmental and Energy Systems Studies, Lund University. Yard, Stefan, Department of Business Administration, Lund University. Kling, Åsa, Vattenfall Utveckling AB. Issues: One reasonable effect of emissions trading is arising incentives for cutting fossil fuel usage. One effe

Throughout the pursuit of environmental sustainability, the attention placed on governments’ responsibility to reduce environmental degradation has progressively decreased and rather, began focusing on the attitudes and behaviours of individuals. Overtime, this increasing attention placed on the individual highlighted the central role which citizens have in creating and pushing for a sustainable s

Policy Coherence for Development is a concept, framework and tool for achieving a more effective and organized global development agenda. Under the principles of Policy Coherence for Development (PCD), the potential conflicts of objectives between various policy areas should be identified and preferably resolved – with developmental objectives in mind. The PCD has named some policy areas as “expec