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An Emerging Product Approach in Environmental Law: Incorporating the life cycle perspective

One of the noticeable trends in recent years is that products have received increasing attention in environmental policy. The focus on products and their life cycle impacts is often referred to as ?life cycle thinking?. This implies a shift away from the traditional focus on production processes and the environmental impacts of point-source pollution, towards a stronger focus on emissions from the

Conodont faunas with Lenodus variabilis in the upper Arenigian to lower Llanvirnian of Sweden

Lenodus variabilis occurs in an interval in the lower to middle Kundan Stage which includes the Arenig-Llanvirn boundary. The lower part of its range constitutes the L. variabilis Zone, the upper part, where it co-occurs with Yangtze-placognathus crassus, making up the Y. crassus Zone. The conodont faunas of these two consecutive conodont biozones have been investigated in 14 sections from south,

Recovery of soil pH, cation-exchange capacity and the saturation of exchange sites from stemflow-induced soil acidification in three Swedish beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests

Stemflow water acidifies the soil in beech stands impacted by atmospheric deposition. To investigate whether the soil recovers from acidification, stemflow was experimentally removed. A horizon material was sampled at a distance of 10-250 cm From the stems. Before the onset of the experiment, there were stemflow-induced gradients in the saturation of exchange sites with K+, H+ and Na+ that were la

Numerical Simulations of Cooling Concepts Related to Gas Turbine Combustors

The mean by which a gas turbine combustor is cooled is of major importance for the efficiency and emission performance of the machine. The trends of increasing top cycle temperature and leaner combustion have also been accompanied by a need of efficient use of the cooling air. Traditional cooling schemes such as film cooling are associated with high coolant flow rates and unacceptable emission lev

PCB in soils and estimated soil-air exchange fluxes of selected PCB congeners in the south of Sweden

PCB concentrations were studied in different soils to determine the spatial variation over a region of approximately 11000 km(2). PCB congener pattern was used to illustrate the spatial differences, as shown by principal component analysis (PCA). The relationship to different soil parameters was studied. PCB concentrations in soil showed a large variation between sampling-areas with median concent

The role country of birth plays in receiving disability pensions in relation to patterns of health care utilisation and socioeconomic differences: a multilevel analysis of Malmo, Sweden

Background: People of low socioeconomic status have worse health and a higher probability of being granted a disability pension than people of high socioeconomic status. It is also known that public and private general physicians and public and private specialists have varying practices for issuing sick leave certificates ( which, if longstanding, may become the basis of disability pensions). Howe