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Den svenska straffrätten har under det senaste århundradet genomgått en mängd förändringar. Allt som oftast har påföljdssystemet varit utformad efter de för tillfället förhärskande bestraffningsteorierna. Det finns en lång tradition av särbehandling av unga lagöverträdare i Sverige och till viss del så tas hänsyn till andra intressen när det gäller ungdomar. Denna framställning ska besvara frågornSwedish penal law has undergone many changes over the last centuries. The sanction system has most often been modelled on penalization theories dominant at the time. Sweden has a long tradition of special treatment of young offenders, and other interest are to some extent taken into consideration when it comes to juvenile offenders compared to adults. This essay will answer the questions of which

Många groddjur har minskande populationstrender både lokalt och globalt. Inventeringar av groddjur är en viktig del av arbetet för att få mer information om deras utbredning för att kunna skydda groddjuren och deras miljöer. Detta kan ha positiva effekter även på andra djur och växter eftersom groddjur är bra indikatorer på rika miljöer. Genom sitt vattenupptag via huden är groddjuren extremt käns

Letting a child witness certain criminal acts being committed between relatives to the child has been criminalized since July 1, 2021. The witnessing requirement constitutes a necessary prerequisite for criminal liability and implies that the child must have seen or heard the criminal act being committed. During the legislative process, it was noted that the requirement could give rise to certain

Under de senaste femtio åren har de europeiska kapitalmarknaderna blivit allt mer integrerade. För att garantera allmänhetens förtroende, för att förhindra framtida finanskriser och för att nå den ekonomiska effektiviteten på marknaden, är det viktigt att det finns harmoniserade förbud mot marknadsmissbruk. En vanlig form av marknadsmissbruk är handel med insiderinformation, som kan leda till stoDuring the last fifty years, the European capital markets have become increasingly integrated. In order to ensure public confidence, to prevent future financial crises and to reach economic efficiency on the market, it is of importance that there are harmonised prohibitions against market abuse. A common form of market abuse on the European market is trading with inside information, which can lea

Syftet med denna examensuppsats är att utreda en rad arbetsrättsliga rättigheter och skyldigheter, som kan uppstå vid distansarbete. De områden jag har valt att fokusera på är arbetsbristuppsägningar och turordning, arbetsledningsrätt, arbetsskyldighet och arbetstid samt arbetsmiljö. Två utgångspunkter för arbetet har varit distansarbetsutredningen, SOU 1998:115, och distansarbetsavtalet, som trädMy thesis aims to assess different problems in employment law when dealing with teleworkers. I have chosen to focus on redundancy dismissals and seniority right, the managerial prerogative, the duty to work, working hours and working environment. Two starting points are the Government Inquiry Report on telework, SOU 1998:115, and the telework agreement, which entered into force in July 2002 betwee

The transcription factor Sox4 has been proposed to underlie the increased type 2 diabetes risk linked to an intronic single nucleotide polymorphism in CDKAL1. In a mouse model expressing a mutant form of Sox4, glucose-induced insulin secretion is reduced by 40% despite normal intracellular Ca2+ signaling and depolarization-evoked exocytosis. This paradox is explained by a fourfold increase in kiss

The land-atmosphere exchange of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in a high-Arctic wet tundra ecosystem (Rylek ae rene) in Zackenberg, north-eastern Greenland, was studied over the full growing season and until early winter in 2008 and from before snow melt until early winter in 2009. The eddy covariance technique was used to estimate CO2 fluxes and a combination of the gradient and eddy cova

The balance between self-renewal and differentiation is crucial for the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Whereas numerous gene regulatory factors have been shown to control HSC self-renewal or drive their differentiation, we have relatively few insights into transcription factors that serve to restrict HSC differentiation. In the present work, we identify ETS (E-twenty-six)-related

Importance: Novel plasma biomarkers, especially phosphorylated tau (p-tau), can detect brain tau aggregates in Alzheimer disease. Objective: To determine which plasma biomarker combinations can accurately detect tau pathological brain changes in Down syndrome (DS). Design, Setting, and Participants: The cross-sectional, multicenter Alzheimer's Biomarker Consortium-Down Syndrome study included adul

Previous research suggests a pattern of gaze avoidance in East Asian compared with Western cultures. Yet, recent eye-tracking studies of face-to-face conversation do not corroborate this. More generally, differences in nonverbal communication and analytic versus holistic strategies have been described between East Asian and Western cultures. Using wearable eye-tracking technology and an automated

Uppsatsen behandlar det genomgående motivet av maktkamper i August Strindbergs dramatik. Konflikten är en essentiell ingrediens i praktiskt taget all berättande men Strindberg går ofta längre i sina dramer. Huvudpersonen kämpar mot religionen, andra människor eller sig själv och kampen är en strävan efter makt över motståndaren eller vad den andre parten representerar. Uppsatsen analyser ett anta

Does sertraline provide symptomatic relief for chronic breathlessness in people with advanced disease whose underlying cause(s) are optimally treated?223 participants with chronic breathlessness (modified Medical Research Council breathlessness scale ≥2) who had optimal treatment of underlying cause(s) were randomised 1:1 to sertraline 25-100 mg (titrated upwards over 9 days) or placebo for 4 week

After the latest Permian mass extinction event, microbial mats filled the ecological niche previously occupied by metazoan reefs, resulting in widespread microbialites. This study focuses on the lipid biomarker (molecular fossil) and invertebrate fossil records from Neotethyan platform margin sections to understand microbial-metazoan bioherm formation. Here, we find that early Griesbachian thrombo

In the course of 2000s, the region of Campania in southern Italy and its capital city Naples became global icons of waste mismanagement after the images of piles of rubbish occluding their urban areas hit the headlines. Conventional explanations, in Italy and elsewhere, pointed to administrative failure, cultural backwardness and mafia infiltration as the main causes of waste mishandling. In the s

Mucosal surfaces of the reproductive tract as well as their secretions have important roles in preventing sexual transmission of HIV-1. In the current study, the majority of the intrinsic anti-HIV-1 activity of human seminal plasma (SP) was determined to reside in the cationic polypeptide fraction. Antiviral assays utilizing luciferase reporter cells and lymphocytic cells revealed the ability of w

One of the major roles of seminal plasma is to provide antimicrobial protection for the spermatozoa in the female reproductive tract. We found that the bactericidal activity of seminal plasma was highest after resolution of the seminal clot and that this antibacterial activity subsequently became greatly diminished. The antibacterial activity was derived from peptides generated by fragmentation of

Membrane proteins (MPs) constitute a large fraction of the proteome, but exhibit physicochemical characteristics that impose challenges for successful sample production crucial for subsequent biophysical studies. In particular, MPs have to be extracted from the membranes in a stable form. Reconstitution into detergent micelles represents the most common procedure in recovering MPs for subsequent a