We counted butterflies in almost all open grasslands in an area of 8000 hectare over five years (2001-2005) in the central part of the parish of Stenbrohult, southern Sweden (Fig. 1; 56 degrees 37' N, 14 degrees 11' O). This area is currently dominated by forests. Grasslands, mainly grazed by cattle and horses, only cover about 6 % of the area. The study area consisted of 18 farms, most ot them ar

Solvent induced optimization of energy transfer properties in a series of Zn(II)-porphyrin-appended dendrimers has been studied by means of exciton-exciton annihilation. Upon changing from a polar solvent (tetrahydrofuran) to a non-polar solvent (3-methyl-pentane), the annihilation energy transfer rates increase by 28-44%. This is related to a decrease of the hydrodynamic radius, which enhances th

Violaxanthin deepoxidase (VDE) has been purified from spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves. The purification included differential sonication of thylakoid membranes, differential (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, gel filtration chromatography and finally either hydrophobic interaction chromatography or anion exchange chromatography. A total purification of more than 5000-fold compared to the original thylako

Much attention is now being paid to health and nutrition claims for foods. There are already many food products on the market with claims appealing to consumers about health effects beyond provision of basic nutrients. One important basis for claims is the increasingly documented effect of dietary components on body functions. There are three main reasons for assessing the scientific substantiatio

Objective. To evaluate the longitudinal development of the tricuspid gradient (TG) for screening for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Methods. Doppler echocardiography was performed 506 times in order to estimate TG in 227 consecutive patients with SSc. The value of biochemical markers for predicting TG levels and development was assessed through analyses of pro-b

Grossman and Zhou [1993. Optimal investment strategies for controlling drawdowns. Math. Finance 3, 241-276] proposed a strategy to maximize the asymptotic long-run growth rate of one's fortune F, subject to its never falling below lambda sup(0

A robot has to visit all nodes and traverse all edges of an unknown undirected connected graph, using as few edge traversals as possible. The quality of an exploration algorithm A is measured by comparing its cost (number of edge traversals) to that of the optimal algorithm having full knowledge of the graph. The ratio between these costs, maximized over all starting nodes in the graph and over al

The Einstein equations (EE) are certain conditions on the Riemann tensor on the real Minkowski space M. In the twistor picture, after complexification and compactification M becomes the Grassmannian Gr(2)(4) of 2-dimensional subspaces in the 4-dimensional complex one. Here we answer for which of the classical domains considered as manifolds with G-structure it is possible to impose conditions simi

Members of the membrane-associated proteins in the eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism (MAPEG) superfamily have been subjected to two-dimensional crystallization experiments. A common denominator for successful attempts has been the use of a low lipid/protein ratio in the range of 1-9 (mol/mol). Electron crystallography demonstrated either hexagonal or orthorhombic packing of trimeric protein un

Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) thin films with a variety of microstructures were deposited using a large area conventional DC magnetron sputtering system for flat panel displays manufacturing. Highly uniform ITO films with an average thickness of ∼100 ± 3 nm on the ∼0.6 m2 substrate area were obtained. Film structures with small amounts of crystalline sites were produced by room temperature deposition, an

We report on low-temperature transport measurements on single and double quantum dots defined using local gates to electrostatically deplete InAs nanowires grown by chemical beam epitaxy. This technique allows us to define multiple quantum dots along a semiconducting nanowire and tune the coupling between them.

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling innehåller fyra empiriska makroekonomiska uppsatser och dessa kan kortfattat summeras som följer. I den första uppsatsen används såväl deskriptiv statistik som regressionsanalys och jag undersöker om förändringar i real växelkurs och/eller penningutbud före och under fiskala kontraktioner påverkar det makroekonomiska utfallet. Den deskriptiva analysen bThis thesis contains four empirical macroeconomic studies and the papers may briefly be summarized as follows. In the first paper, we use both descriptive statistics and regression analysis to investigate whether movements in real exchange rates and money supply before and during fiscal contractions matter for the macroeconomic outcome. First we define fiscal contraction. Second, we label the cont

Liksom Kathryn Coleman beskriver historikerkollegan Alexander MacGregor arbetet som rådgivare på Ridley Scotts film Gladiator (2000).

Objectives: To evaluate costs, benefits, and cost effectiveness of tumour necrosis factor inhibitor treatment over one year in routine clinical practice. Materials and methods: At four rheumatology units in southern Sweden treatment of 160 consecutive patients with RA was started with either etanercept or infliximab. The economic analysis was based on 116 patients with complete data who received

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The authors evaluated the coordination of swallowing and respiration in dysphagic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Video fluoroscopy and respirometry were performed simultaneously during 98 swallows in 33 patients (18 women, 15 men) with a median age of 70 years (interquartile range, 52-78 years). Pharyngeal transit time, deglutition apnea, and the ratio between the two (