Patients suffering from the progressive neurodegenerative disease Friedreich’s ataxia have reduced expression levels of the protein frataxin. Three major isoforms of human frataxin have been identified, FXN42-210, FXN56-210 and FXN81-210, of which FXN81-210 is considered to be the mature form. Both long forms, FXN42-210 and FXN56-210, have been shown to spontaneously form oligomeric particles stab

The HPV16 E5 open reading frame (ORF) is present on the majority of all alternatively spliced HPV16 mRNAs, but it is currently unknown how well it is translated into E5 protein. To identify HPV16 mRNAs that are efficiently translated into E5, we have generated cDNA plasmids expressing individual, alternatively spliced HPV16 mRNAs with the potential to produce E5. By replacing the E5 ORF with sLuc,

The circulating zymogen form of Factor VII activating protease (FSAP) can be activated by histones and nucleosomes in vivo. These cell-death-associated nuclear factors are also actively extruded into the extracellular space by neutrophils through a process called neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation (NETosis). NETs are thought to be involved in host defense, inflammation as well as thromb

Biomimetic models that contain elements of photosynthesis are fundamental in the development of synthetic systems that can use sunlight to produce fuel. The critical task consists of running several rounds of light-induced charge separation, which is required to accumulate enough redox equivalents at the catalytic sites for the target chemistry to occur. Long-lived first charge-separated state and

Fully localised solitary waves are travelling-wave solutions of the three- dimensional gravity–capillary water wave problem which decay to zero in every horizontal spatial direction. Their existence has been predicted on the basis of numerical simulations and model equations (in which context they are usually referred to as ‘lumps’), and a mathematically rigorous existence theory for strong surfac

In Sweden, energy-consulting services, here referred to as local energy advising (LEA), have traditionally contributed to improving household energy efficiency. The aim of this article is to analyze the development of this service from the 1970s, when the consultancy came into being, to the present day, through a review of documents and published literature. The analysis enables the understanding

Little is known about the development of vision in wild birds. It is unknown, for example, whether the ability to see can be predicted by the level of prenatal growth or whether the eyes are open at hatching in a particular species. In this study, we investigated the growth of eyes, the formation of retinal ganglion cell topography, and the appearance of simple, visually guided behaviours in chick

Many lines of evidence suggest that the Parkinson’s disease (PD)-related protein α-synuclein (α-SYN) can propagate from cell to cell in a prion-like manner. However, the cellular mechanisms behind the spreading remain elusive. Here, we show that human astrocytes derived from embryonic stem cells actively transfer aggregated α-SYN to nearby astrocytes via direct contact and tunneling nanotubes (TNT

We have previously shown that casein kinase 2 (CK2) negatively regulates dopamine D1 and adenosine A2A receptor signaling in the striatum. Ablation of CK2 in D1 receptor-positive striatal neurons caused enhanced locomotion and exploration at baseline, whereas CK2 ablation in D2 receptor-positive neurons caused increased locomotion after treatment with A2A antagonist, caffeine. Because both, D1 and

Background: There is rising concern about how preterm birth affects long-term health later in life. The various effects that preterm birth have on developmental outcomes, cognitive profiles and medical health may also affect levels of cooperation in the dental care situation in addition to general oral health and other oral health-related habits. Oral health is an integral part of one's general he

Increasing use of the ground as a thermal reservoir is expected in the near future. Shallow geothermal energy (SGE) systems have proved to be sustainable alternative solutions for buildings and infrastructure conditioning in many areas across the globe in the past decades. Recently novel solutions, including energy geostructures, where SGE systems are coupled with foundation heat exchangers, have