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The activated sludge process (ASP), found in most wastewater treatment plants, consists basically of a biological reactor followed by a sedimentation tank, which has one inlet and two outlets. The purpose of the ASP is to reduce organic material and dissolved nutrients (substrate) in the incoming wastewater by means of activated sludge (microorganisms). The major part of the discharged flow throug
Ethylenethiourea (ETU) is of major toxicological concern, since in experimental animal studies, ETU has shown a large spectrum of adverse effects. High occupational exposure can be found among agricultural workers or during manufacturing of ethylenbisdithiocarbamates (EBDC). For the general public, sources of environmental exposure may be residues of ETU in commercial products, food and beverages.
John Kingdon's Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) constitutes a powerful tool for understanding the policy process, and more specifically, agenda-setting, through three separate streams: problems, policies and politics. This article argues that the MSF would benefit from further development of the problem stream. It introduces a clearer conception of agency into the problem stream by suggesting the
Inorganic arsenic is a strong carcinogen, possibly by interaction with the telomere length. The aim of the study was to evaluate how chronic arsenic exposure from drinking water as well as the arsenic metabolism efficiency affect the individual telomere length and the expression of telomere-related genes. Two hundred two women with a wide range in exposure to arsenic via drinking water (3.5-200 mu
To investigate whether certain CSF biomarkers at baseline can predict future progression of motor symptoms and cognitive decline in patients with Parkinson disease (PD).
This paper studies the impact of railroads on 150 years of urban growth in Sweden, identifying the short- and long-term effects of a first wave of railroad construction. Difference-in-differences and instrumental variable estimates show that towns that gained access experienced substantial relative increases in population, though such growth mainly reflected a relocation of economic activity. Over
Measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) by DXA (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) is generally considered to be the clinical golden standard technique to diagnose osteoporosis. However, BMD alone is only a moderate predictor of fracture risk. Finite element analyses of bone mechanics can contribute to a more accurate prediction of fracture risk. In this study, we applied a method to estimate the
From the early 19th century to the late 20th century, the mean stature of Swedish conscripts increased from 167 to 177 cm. Based on osteological data, estimated statures of medieval skeletal populations indicate that mean stature of males had decreased from an average 173 cm during the medieval period, to 165 cm at the mid 19th century. This change with respect to stature could possibly be linked
Sporophyte production and female fertility were investigated in seventeen calcareous grassland demes of the moss Homalothecium lutescens (Hedw.) H.Rob. on the Baltic island of Öland, with the aim of understanding the relationships between sexual reproduction, habitat age, genetic variation and factors related to growth conditions. The overall proportion of fertile female shoots (with perichaetia)
Shelf and coastal regions are exceptionally important for many countries as they provide the main habitat for many economically important fish and shellfish species. With ongoing climate change and human-induced eutrophication the shelf regions are especially affected, resulting in increased temperatures and stratification as well as oxygen depletion of the bottom waters. In order to be able to pr
We have prepared poly(arylene ether sulfone) multiblock copolymers with cationic blocks containing single dioxyphenylene rings functionalized with two, three or four quaternary ammonium (QA) roups in order to investigate the influence of the ionic concentration and distribution on the anionic conductivity.Precursor blocks were prepared by polycondensation of 4,4’-difluorodiphenyl sulfone and eithe
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in rivers contains a wide range of molecules that can be assimilated by microbes. However, there is today no integrated understanding of how the source and composition of this DOC regulate the extent to which the DOC can support microbial growth and respiration. We analyzed patterns in microbial metabolism of DOC from different streams and rivers in Québec, by combin
This article presents a study investigating how adolescents from Sweden and the Gambia learned music while interacting with each other in a concert project conducted in the Gambia. The main aim is to explore in what ways adolescents acquire music and to analyse it in a context of cultural identity. A sociocultural and ethnomusicological approach was employed, drawing on field studies and interview
A computer model of a patient-specific clinical (177)Lu-DOTATATE therapy dosimetry system is constructed and used for investigating the variability of renal absorbed dose and biologically effective dose (BED) estimates. As patient models, three anthropomorphic computer phantoms coupled to a pharmacokinetic model of (177)Lu-DOTATATE are used. Aspects included in the dosimetry-process model are the
Based on the polarization and shape of the first symmetric Lamb mode at the zero-group velocity point (S1-ZGV), a novel approach for Impact-Echo thickness testing is proposed. In this new approach all three plate parameters (thickness, velocity and Poisson's ratio) are estimated from the same wave mode (S1-ZGV). A traditional approach based on a measurement of the longitudinal-and Rayleigh wave ve
The adsorption of pyridine on monolayers of well-ordered, flat-lying iron phthalocyanine molecules on Au(111) is investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory. It is found that pyridine both coordinates to the iron site of iron phthalocyanine and binds weakly to other sites. The iron coordination causes significant changes in the ele
Calmodulin is an essential regulator of intracellular processes in response to extracellular stimuli mediated by a rise in Ca(2+) ion concentration. To profile protein-protein interactions of calmodulin in human brain, we probed a high content human protein array with fluorophore-labelled calmodulin in the presence of Ca(2+). This protein array contains 37,200 redundant proteins, incorporating ove
