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The microstructure of phase-segregated amylopectin (AP) and β-lactoglobulin (βlg) mixtures formed during drying from solutions with different concentrations and different polysaccharide and protein ratios have been studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). AFM was used as the main technique and TEM was used to confirm the results. Systems with only one

Background: The survival for patients with atrioventricular septal defect has improved markedly over the last decades and, during the same period, the survival of children with Down's syndrome has also increased. The aim of our study was to investigate long-term survival in patients having atrioventricular septal defect with common valvar orifice, but without associated significant congenital hear

The optical properties of quantum dots embedded in a catalytically grown semiconductor nanowire are studied theoretically. In comparison to dots in a bulk environment, the excitonic absorption is strongly modified by the one-dimensional character of the nanowire phonon spectrum. In addition to pronounced satellite peaks due to phonon-assisted absorption, we find a finite width of the zero-phonon l

To model aerosol-cloud interactions in general circulation models (GCMs), a prognostic cloud scheme of cloud liquid water and amount is expanded to include droplet number concentration (N(d)) in a way that allows them to be calculated using the same large-scale and convective updraft velocity field. In the scheme, the evolution of droplets fully interacts with the model meteorology. An explicit tr

The accuracy of monitor unit calculations from a pencil beam based, three-dimensional treatment planning system (3D TPS) has been evaluated for open irregularly shaped photon fields. The dose per monitor unit was measured in water and in air for x-ray beam qualities from 6 to 15 MV. The fields were shaped either with a multileaf collimator (MLC) or with customized alloy blocks. Calculations from t

The model presented in this paper further extends the demand-for-health model in which the family is the producer of health investments, to consider the case in which an employer has incentives for investing in the health of a family member. The household and the employer are assumed to interact strategically in the production of health. The general insight provided is that the conditions which de

We investigate the observed depletion of red giants in the cores ofpost-core-collapse globular clusters. In particular, the evolutionaryscenario we consider is a binary consisting of two low-mass stars whichundergoes two common-envelope phases. The first common-envelope phaseoccurs when the primary is a red giant resulting in a helium white dwarfand main-sequence star in a detached binary. The sec

Apomorphine, a nonselective dopamine receptor agonist, facilitates penile erection and is effective in patients suffering from erectile dysfunction. The specific dopamine receptor subtype(s) responsible for its erectogenic effect is not known. Here we report that the dopamine D-4 receptor plays a role in the regulation of penile function. ABT-724 is a selective dopamine D4 receptor agonist that ac

Exciton diffusion in ladder-type methyl-substituted polyparaphenylene film and solution was investigated by means of femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy using a combined approach, analyzing exciton-exciton annihilation, and transient absorption depolarization properties. We show that the different views on the exciton dynamics offered by anisotropy decay and annihilation are required in order to o

OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the efficacy and safety of therapy for patients with histologically mild hepatitis C virus (HCV) liver disease. DESIGN : A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial of interferon alpha-2b with or without ribavirin. SETTING : Regional and university hospitals. PARTICIPANTS : One hundred and sixteen treatment naive patients with mild chronic HCV infection. Mild HCV i

Background: Local pain at the site of intravenous (iv) injection of propofol remains a considerable problem in clinical anaesthesiology, and particularly so in infants. The aim of the present study was to compare the influence of two different emulsions of propofol on local pain following iv administration. Methods: Eighty adult patients (ASA I-II) scheduled for ear-nose-throat or plastic surgery

BACKGROUND: Pin-site infection and pin loosening are complications that can cause discomfort to the patients. The purpose of present study was to evaluate pin-site infection, pain, and the use of medications using the XCaliber pin (Orthofix) with optimized thread and tip design, and the commonly used standard pin (Orthofix) during the procedure of hemicallotasis osteotomy (HCO). MATERIAL AND METHO

dAlcohol intoxication affects the vestibular system and balance control in many ways. We have investigated how acute, moderate (blood alcohol concentrations of 0.06 +/- 0.01%), and high (0.10 +0.02%) alcohol intoxication affects the ability to perceive the visual horizontal and vertical and the visual field dependence measured with the rod and frame tests in 24 healthy participants. Alcohol ingest

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We examined to what extent visual acuity and perimetric sensitivity as measures of central and paracentral visual function would be useful for evaluating the presence and severity of diabetic macular oedema.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 59 eyes of 59 diabetic patients by identifying the presence (n=20) or absence (n=39) of macular oedema on stereo fundus photographs. The are

A state of the art review on industrial applications of membrane technology in the pulp and paper industry is presented. Applications have been arranged under three headlines, effluent treatment, concentration and fractionation. Among new and promising applications are treatment of waste paper white water, effluent after deresination and concentration of spent liquor from chemi-mechanical pulping