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Pore formation and pore closure in poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)-based drug delivery systems are two important processes as they control the release of the encapsulated drug. The phenomenon pore closure was investigated by studying the effects of the pH and the temperature of the release medium, and the properties of the polymer. Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) films were subjected to a pore
To determine the frequency of each American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criterion met at time of enrollment, and the increase in each of the criteria over 5 years.
In this article, researchers evaluate the empirical performance of the Mincer earnings equation, which has been the benchmark model for assessment of wage profiles since 1974. The analysis concerns workers in the manufacturing industry in three countries before 1900. The Mincer equation must be adjusted with respect to functional form in order to capture the wage profiles of past industrial worker
The origin and biological role of dynamic motions of folded enzymes is not yet fully understood. In this study, we examine the molecular determinants for the dynamic motions within the beta-barrel of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), which previously were implicated in allosteric regulation of protein maturation and also pathological misfolding in the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral scl
Classically, Parkinson's disease (PD) is linked to dopamine neuron death in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Intracytoplasmic protein inclusions named Lewy bodies, and corresponding Lewy neurites found in neuronal processes, are also key features of the degenerative process in the substantia nigra. The molecular mechanisms by which substantia nigra dopamine neurons die and whether the Lewy path
Patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) have a high prevalence of thrombosis, the most frequently described locations being the cerebral and pulmonary vessels. The reported prevalence of both cerebral infarction and pulmonary thrombosis has been highly variable. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of both cerebral and pulmonary thrombosis in CCHD according to medical
Somatotropinomas have unique "fingerprints" of somatostatin receptor (sst) expression, which are targets in treatment of acromegaly with somatostatin analogues (SSAs). However, a significant expression of sst is not always related to the biochemical response to SSAs. Headache is a common complaint in acromegaly and considered a clinical marker of disease activity. SSAs are reported to have an own
Folate intake has shown an inverse association with pancreatic cancer; nevertheless, results from plasma measurements were inconsistent. The aim of this study is to examine the association between plasma total homocysteine, methionine, folate, cobalamin, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, riboflavin, flavin mononucleotide and pancreatic cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nu
A new hydrogen absorbing material has been discovered, ScNiAl, which can store 1.5 wt.% hydrogen reversibly. In this compound, hydrogen absorption is a two-step process; solid solution of hydrogen at temperatures below 180A degrees C and decomposition into ScH2 and NiAl at higher temperatures. Detailed analysis of the hydrogen absorption/desorption has been performed using in situ synchrotron radi
Numerous studies have shown a marked decrease of beta-amyloid(42) (A beta(42)) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with incipient Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, studies on A beta in plasma are contradictory, and show very marginal differences between patients and controls. Here, we analyzed plasma samples using a new multiplex immunoassay for simultaneous analysis of A beta(1-40), A b
The arterial input function is crucial in pharmacokinetic analysis of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI data. Among other artifacts in arterial input function quantification, the blood inflow effect and nonideal radiofrequency spoiling can induce large measurement errors with subsequent reduction of accuracy in the pharmacokinetic parameters. These errors were investigated for a 3D spoiled gradient-ec
The honeybee is one of several insect model systems for the study of olfaction, yet our knowledge regarding the spectrum of odorants detectable by Apis mellifera is limited. One class of odorants that has never been tested so far are the amino acids, which are important constituents of floral nectar. Using the proboscis extension response paradigm, we assessed whether the odor of amino acids is de
Housing rodents in an enriched environment (EE) following experimental stroke enhances neurological recovery. Understanding the underlying neural cues may provide the basis for improving stroke rehabilitation. We studied the contribution of brain macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) to functional recovery after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAo) in rats. In the cerebral cor
Adrenomodulin (ADM) is a peptide hormone secreted in response to cellular strain such as ischemia and is believed to have a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system. However, the epidemiological relationships between ADM and measurements of haemodynamics, arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis are not well established. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the mid-re
CO2 fluxes for the Netherlands and surroundings are estimated for the year 2008, from concentration measurements at four towers, using an inverse model. The results are compared to direct CO2 flux measurements by aircraft, for 6 flight tracks over the Netherlands, flown multiple times in each season. We applied the Regional Atmospheric Mesoscale Modeling system (RAMS) coupled to a simple carbon fl
Hovering means stationary flight at zero net forward speed, which can be achieved by animals through muscle powered flapping flight. Small bats capable of hovering typically do so with a downstroke in an inclined stroke plane, and with an aerodynamically active outer wing during the upstroke. The magnitude and time history of aerodynamic forces should be reflected by vorticity shed into the wake.
Background: Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is the most promising neurotrophin for restorative treatments in Parkinson's disease, but its biological effects are not completely understood. Objective: To define a model of GDNF gene therapy in the mouse, we studied the long-term effects of lentiviral GDNF delivery in mice with striatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions. Methods: L
In this paper we investigate the size, structure and scaling relationships in glycogen isolated from five different animal sources. For this purpose a versatile fractionation technique, asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AsFlFFF), coupled to multi-angle light scattering, is utilized. For determination of the average degree of branching 1H NMR is utilized. The results give a detailed insig
