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The effect of external osmotic pressure on the extent of DNA ejection from bacteriophage- was recently investigated (Evilevitch et al., 2003). The total length of DNA ejected was measured via the 260-nm absorption by free nucleotides, after opening of the capsids in the presence of varying amounts of polyethylene glycol 8000 and DNase I. As a function of osmolyte concentration, this absorption was

Methodological aspects of planar gamma scintigraphy used to quantify pulmonary aerosol deposition were investigated using an experimental dry powder formulation. Particles of micronized salbutamol sulphate were labelled with technetium-99m and admixed to an ordered mixture of unlabelled micronized salbutamol sulphate and larger carrier particles of lactose. The radioaerosol was administered to 24

A combination of laboratory scale derived correlations and measurements of grain size distribution, DOC (dissolved organic carbon) concentration, and density of suspended bacteria promises to be useful in estimating Hg(II) sorption in heterogeneous streambeds and groundwater environments. This was found by shaking intact sediment and fractions thereof (<63-2000mum) with solutions of HgCl(2) (1.0-1

The prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is high in the brothers of patients with aneurysm. A genetic component in the development of AAA has, therefore, been postulated. In this study the offspring of patients who had died from AAA rupture were invited to undergo ultrasonography of the abdominal aorta. The attendance rate was 69 per cent. Thirty-nine sons of median age 60 (range 45-75) y

The stability toward thermal and urea denaturation was measured for HAMLET (human -lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells) and -lactalbumin, using circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as differential scanning calorimetry. Under all conditions examined, HAMLET appears to have the same or lower stability than -lactalbumin. The largest difference is seen for thermal denaturation o

In this work, the problem of designing feedback controllers for the rejection of narrow-band disturbances is considered. The design technique proposed herein is based upon the overparameterization of a nominal minimum-variance controller, which is designed by means of an ARMA model of a sinusoid in noise. The extra degrees of freedom so introduced are used to improve the robustness of the nominal

Objective. Human papilloma virus (HPV) testing and repeat cytology are both proposed as methods to triage women with minor cytological cervical lesions. By triage, those women can be identified who need referral for diagnostic exploration with colposcopy and/or biopsy. Methods. We conducted meta-analyses of reported studies on the accuracy to detect high-grade cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia o

While several techniques exist for assessing quantitative differences among proteomes representing different cell states, methods for assessing how these differences are mediated are largely missing. We present a method that allows one to differentiate between cellular processes, such as protein synthesis, degradation and PTMs which affect protein concentrations. An induced systemic perturbation o

A stable numerical algorithm is presented for an elastostatic problem involving a crack close to and in front of an inclusion interface. The algorithm is adaptive and based on an integral equation of Fredholm’s second kind. This enables accurate analysis also of rather difficult situations. Comparison with stress intensity factors of cracks close to straight infinite bimaterial interfaces are made

Chemosensory stimuli play a crucial role for host selection in insects, including the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster[1]. Drosophila has been instrumental in unraveling the neurological basis of olfactory processing in insects [2]. Basic knowledge regarding chemical ecology and thorough studies of olfactory preferences are still lacking to a great extent in D. melanogaster, however. We have char

Endosymbiotic bacteria of aphids, Buchnera aphidicola, and tsetse flies, Wigglesworthia glossinidia, are descendents of free-living gamma-Proteobacteria. The acceleration of sequence evolution in the endosymbiont genomes is here estimated from a phylogenomic analysis of the gamma-Proteobacteria. The tree topologies associated with the most highly conserved genes suggest that the endosymbionts form

Epoxy alkylstearates were synthesized by lipase catalysed esterification and perhydrolysis followed by epoxidation of oleic acid in a one-pot process. Immobilized Candida antarctica lipase (Novozym 435) was used as the catalyst. The esterification reaction occurred relatively quickly and was followed by epoxidation of the alkyl ester and the remaining fatty acid. Higher degree of esterification wa

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a common health problem in menopausal women. According to The Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III, MS includes the combination of three or more of the following risk factors: abdominal obesity, glucose intolerance, high blood pressure, high serum triglycerides and low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of the MS i

ATP-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channels play an important role in the regulation of cerebral vascular tone. In vitro studies using synthetic K-ATP channel openers suggest that the pharmacological profiles differ between rat basilar arteries and rat middle cerebral arteries. To address this issue, we studied the possible involvement of endothelial K-ATP channels by pressurized arteriography after