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On the Meaning of the ’Object and Purpose’ Criterion, in the Context of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, Article 19

According to the provisions laid down in Article 19 of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties a state that consents to be bound by a treaty may not formulate such reservations to the agreement, which are incompatible with its object and purpose. This socalled 'object and purpose criterion' has long been puzzling actors of public international law. What does it mean for a reservation to

Optical theorem and forward scattering sum rule for periodic structures

Based on energy conservation, an optical theorem is constructed for a slab having an arbitrary periodic microstructure in a plane. A sum rule for low pass structures is derived using analytic properties of Herglotz functions based on causality and passivity. The sum rule relates the extinction cross section to the static polarizability per unit cell, and quantifies the interaction between the slab

Warm Sheet Metal Forming with Localized In-Tool Induction Heating

The increasing use of light metals and high strength steel in the automobile industry, demands for new sheet metal forming processes that can be applied successfully. In this thesis the subject of warm sheet metal forming is studied. In warm sheet metal forming the temperature of the blank is elevated either globally to one temperature evenly over the blank or locally where the flange region of th

Using Students as Experiment Subjects – An Analysis on Graduate and Freshmen Student Data

The question whether students can be used as subjects in software engineering experiments is debated. In order to investigate the feasibility of using students as subjects, a study is conducted in the context of the Personal Software Process (PSP) in which the performance of freshmen students and graduate students are compared and also related to another study in an industrial setting. The hypothe

An experimental evaluation of test driven development vs. test-last development with industry professionals

Test-Driven Development (TDD) is a software development approach where test cases are written before actual development of the code in iterative cycles. Context: TDD has gained attention of many software practitioners during the last decade since it has contributed several benefits to the software development process. However, empirical evidence of its dominance in terms of internal code quality,

Quark anti-quark expectation value in finite volume

We have computed the quark anti-quark expectation value in finite volume at two loop in chiral perturbation theory and compare it with a formula obtained in analogy to the Luscher formula for pion mass in finite volume. We observe that due to the small finite size correction at two loop it is not possible to obtain conclusions on the accuracy of the extended Luscher formula