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We examine the lasting impact of Cold War alignment on African development. To overcome the empirical challenge of ambiguous and interdependent international alliances during the Cold War, we introduce a non-cooperative game of social interactions. Using pre-determined, country-level characteristics to construct payoffs, we identify a unique two-bloc equilibrium partition of the continent. We then
This article examines two closely related questions. The first concerns the limits of an arbitral tribunal’s authority to interpret the parties’ procedural acts, particular-ly pleadings of facts. It is argued that a fact may be treated as pleaded only where the party’s intended procedural effect has been expressed clearly and unequivocal-ly. Where uncertainty remains, the tribunal should ordinaril
In this paper we continue the work of describing polynomial subalgebras of finite codimension that was started in Grönkvist et al. (Appl Algebra Eng Commun Comput 33(6):751–789, 2022). Let K be an algebraically closed field, and A⊂K[x1,…,xn] be a subalgebra of finite codimension. It is known that there exists a (not necessarily unique) finite filtration of K-algebras (Formula presented.) where eac
Background: Stroke remains a global health challenge, with its burden disproportionately affecting developing nations, including Iran. Rapid access to medical care is crucial for improving outcomes. However, spatial and temporal factors often leads to delays, adversely impacting survival. This study investigated predictors of in-hospital mortality among stroke patients in Mashhad, Iran, with a nov
Warnings of pathogens manufactured to target a specific ethnic group, so-called genetic bioweapons, have recently received considerable media attention. Genetic bioweapons figure prominently in reports on potential future risks emerging from combining genetic research, artificial intelligence and synthetic biology. They are also part of political narratives signaling imminent danger because of ong
This study investigates the association between individual-level characteristics and the risk ofhaving an unmet need for contraception in the United States between 2002 and 2017 for womenwho were sexually active, not pregnant or postpartum, fecund, and wanted no more children.Using data from the National Survey of Family Growth, logistic regression models are used toestimate the association betwee
Background: Adult-onset diabetes comprises subgroups differing in pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and risk of comorbidities. We investigated early phenotypic differences between individuals who later developed diabetes, stratified by subgroup at diabetes diagnosis. Methods: We conducted a pooled analysis of nine prospective European cohorts with 3309 individuals developing incident diabete
Objectives To identify and describe frameworks for systematically identifying research gaps from evidence syntheses, framing research needs, and establishing priorities, with emphasis on their use of GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) certainty of evidence (CoE) domains and evidence-to-decision (EtD) criteria. Study Design and Setting We conducted a scoping r
Background: The Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase is one of the 15 enzymes required for biosynthesis of chlorophyll in plants. The Ycf54 protein is a component associated with this enzyme and probably functions as a chaperone. Due to the lack of mutants in the Ycf54 gene, we targeted this gene in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) by RNA-guided Cas9 genome editing to dissect its role in chlor
Unique molecular identifiers (UMI) can be used in forensic STR sequencing to reduce the level of analytical artifacts. Here, we perform an interlaboratory study across five independent sites where the previously developed UMI-based SiMSen-Seq STR assay is applied at each laboratory to both single-source and mixed samples. The assay showed consistent results between laboratories and more than 90% o
This article examines how three women from the Hebrew Bible (Jezebel, Delilah, and Eve) are framed in material that relates to Christian anti-feminist and manosphere discourse: a sermon published online by US pastor Mark Driscoll, two videos on the YouTube channels God for Purpose and Manosphere Highlights Daily, and Canadian psychologist Jordan B. Peterson’s book We Who Wrestle with God: Percepti
Hybrid coastal protection systems combine hard and soft design elements and are increasingly utilized to address coastal erosion and flood risks. However, limited data are available on the performance of hybrid structures under extreme storm conditions, and the interactions at the transition between hard and soft elements are not well understood. This study investigates the performance of a hybrid
We investigate proton sharing in biologically relevant polycarboxylic acids in aqueous solutions using liquid-jet X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In contrast to techniques that record time-averaged proton positions, like nuclear magnetic resonance, photoelectron spectroscopy captures instantaneous proton distribution due to its ultrafast probing time scale. The method is, therefore, uniquely sen
Spiral galaxies, like the Milky Way, transform at some point in time into a rotationally supported system. Using an extant dataset consisting of 319,835 subgiants from LAMOST with precise ages from the literature, we determine, for the first time, the age when the Milky Way disk spins up, i.e., when the mean circular velocity changes from halo-like to disk-like. We find in concordance previous stu
Ecdysozoa (molting animals) represent one of the most diverse and ecologically successful animal groups in both extant and fossil ecosystems. This study presents new microfossil cuticular evidence from the lower Cambrian (∼535 Ma) Yanjiahe Formation (southern China) for ecdysozoan diversity during the Fortunian Stage. Six forms are recognized mainly based on their ornamented cuticular patterns, as
Fractures pose a significant burden on society, making prevention strategies important. One approach is to increase physical activity (PA), which may enhance bone mass and muscle strength, thereby lowering fracture risk. A total of 3476 children who began 1st grade (mean age 7 years) between 1998 and 2012 in four Swedish schools were included. The intervention group was 1328 children from one scho
The 15-minute city concept has gained prominence in urban planning as a framework linking proximity, mobility, and quality of life at the intra-urban scale. An open question is whether this concept remains meaningful when applied to spatially connected urban regions or national urban systems. To address this issue, the new X-minute city concept allows proximity thresholds to vary with spatial cont
