gamma-Ray irradiation at liquid nitrogen temperature of a dimethylformamide solution of the tetranuclear complex [(Mn4O6)-O-IV(bipy)(6)](4+) (bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine) allowed the generation of the first mixed-valence tetranuclear system containing Mn-III and Mn-IV ions and exhibiting a S = 1/2 ground state. The X-band EPR spectrum of this tetranuclear system has been obtained. Simulations have been

Panniculitis is a recognized but unusual complication of a severe deficiency of alpha(1)-antitrypsin (AAT), with fewer than 100 cases described to date. Like the pathogenesis of emphysema in severe PiZZ deficiency of AAT, panniculitis has been hypothesized to be an inflammatory process, possibly related to Z AAT polymer formation and to an unopposed anti-inflammatory screen in the context of defic

The amount of mutual information contained in the time series of two elements gives a measure of how well their activities are coordinated. In a large, complex network of interacting elements, such as a genetic regulatory network within a cell, the average of the mutual information over all pairs, ⟨I⟩, is a global measure of how well the system can coordinate its internal dynamics. We study this a

The kinematics of swimming frogs have been studied extensively in the past and, based on these results, hypotheses regarding the hydrodynamics of frog swimming can be generated. To test these hypotheses we used digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) to quantify the flow structure of the wake produced by the feet during the propulsion phase of the kick of surface swimming frogs (Rana pipiens). T

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3 kinase) has been implicated in G protein-coupled receptor regulation of pancreatic ß-cell growth and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The G protein-activated p110{gamma} isoform of PI3 kinase was detected in insulinoma cells, mouse islets, and human islets. In 7- to 10-wk-old mice, knockout of p110{gamma} reduced the plasma insulin response to ip glucose injecti

Abstract in German Nach ihrem Amtsamtritt im September 2006 hat die schwedische Mitte-Rechts-Regierung im Januar 2007 die Beiträge zu den Arbeitslosenkassen der Gewerkschaften erheblich erhöht. Dadurch wurde es plötzlich wesentlich teurer, Mitglied in einer Gewerkschaft (und in der Arbeitslosenkasse) zu sein. Innerhalb von zwei Jahren verloren die Gewerkschaften 8% ihrer Mitglieder, der gewerkschaIn January 2007 the Swedish centre-right government in office since September 2006 raised considerably fees for union unemployment funds. Union membership (fund membership included) therefore suddenly became much more expensive. Trade unions lost 8% of their members over two years and union density fell by 6 percentage points (from 77% in 2006 to 71% in 2008), while unemployment funds were hit by

BACKGROUND: Ewing sarcoma is associated with a nonrandom pattern of primary and secondary chromosomal aberrations. Whereas the finding of rearrangements of chromosome 22, usually in the form of a balanced translocation t(11;22)(q24;q12), is important diagnostically, nothing is known about the potential prognostic impact of the secondary chromosomal aberrations. PROCEDURE: During a 1 3-year-period,

I Hemlösa och tiggare i det offentliga rummet diskuterer Hans Swärd hvilke årsagsforklaringer der kan være til det sidste tiårs øgede fokusering på hjemløse og tiggere i bymiljøer. Han konstaterer, at de hjemløses antal ikke er øget i Europa, til gengæld har gruppen af hjemløse som er dårligst stillet fået det værre, og det er svært for dem at få den fornødne hjælp. De hjemløses eget ansvar betone

After birth, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract undergoes vast structural and functional adaptations to be able to digest mother's milk and later, during the weaning period, solid food. Studies on germ-free animals have shown the role of the gut microbiota for stimulating GI maturation, but which groups are involved is unclear. In the present study, we administered the probiotic bacterium, Lactobacil

BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory disease of the upper airway mucosa that also affects leukocytes in bone marrow and peripheral blood. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is a receptor for unmethylated CpG dinucleotides found in bacterial and viral DNA. The present study was designed to examine the expression of TLR9 in the nasal mucosa and in leukocytes derived from different cellular comp

Host genetic variations play a significant role in conferring predisposition to infection. in this study, we examined the immune mechanisms underlying the host genetic predisposition to severe Staphylococcus aureus infection in different mouse strains. Whereas C57BL/6 mice were the most resistant in terms of control of bacterial growth and survival, A/J, DBA/2, and BALB/c mice were highly suscepti

We retrospectively studied local recurrence of giant cell tumour in long bones following treatment with curettage and cementing in 137 patients. The median follow-up time was 60 months (3 to 166). A total of 19 patients (14%) had at least one local recurrence, the first was diagnosed at a median of 17 months (3 to 29) after treatment of the primary tumour. There were 13 patients with a total of 15

New laser stepwise heating Ar-40-Ar-39 dates (415 +/- 1.8 and 414 +/- 2 Ma) from the Etive Dyke Swarm in the SW Grampian Highlands of Scotland indicate that the dykes are 10-20 Ma older than previously assumed. The dykes constitute the final phase of the Late Caledonian Granites in the region, which themselves define the end of the Caledonian Orogeny, therefore these dates can be taken as the end

A sensor device based on a single polymer cantilever and optical readout has been developed for detection of molecular recognition reactions without the need of a reference cantilever for subtraction of unspecific signals. Microcantilevers have been fabricated in the photoresist SU-8 with one surface passivated with a thin fluorocarbon layer. The SU-8 surface is sensitized with biological receptor

In isolated conjugated polymers two explanations are in discussion for the redshift of the emission on a picosecond time scale-exciton energy transfer (EET) between conjugated segments along the chains and conformational changes of these segments themselves, i.e., torsional relaxation. In order to resolve this question we perform femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption measurements of the e