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PURPOSE: Opioid use disorder has caused significant morbidity and mortality resulting in opioid prescribing limiting laws, such as State Bill 273 in West Virginia. The purpose of this study is to explore the impacts of a restrictive opioid prescription law on physicians in medical practice in West Virginia. METHODS: A qualitative study with open-ended semistructured interviews with a purposive sam
The etiology of type 1 diabetes has polygenic and environmental determinants that lead to autoimmune responses against pancreatic β cells and promote β cell death. The autoimmunity is considered silent without metabolic consequences until late preclinical stages,and it remains unknown how early in the disease process the pancreatic β cell is compromised. To address this, we investigated preprandia
This paper highlights a current phenomenon reported from preschools placed in multilingual areas in Sweden, namely that some preschoolers with mutually different language backgrounds sometimes use English as lingua franca instead of Swedish during play. The data stems from a study of language environments in Swedish preschools situated in both monolingual and multilingual areas. The analyses revea
Background: Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) are less physically active, have a higher body mass index (BMI) and are at greater risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) than people without ID. The purpose of the study was to explore the effectiveness of a web-based training programme, consisting of 150 min of activity per week, on the health of people with ID. Method: Participants with
The crystal electric field (CEF) plays an essential role in defining the magnetic properties of 4f materials. It forces the charge density of 4f electrons and the related magnetic moment to be oriented along a certain direction in the crystal. The CEF and related magnetic properties were widely studied in the past with focus on bulk of 4f materials, while their surfaces have not received much atte
Adaptive biological mechanisms to hypoxia are crucial to maintain oxygen homeostasis, especially in the brain. Pericytes, cells uniquely positioned at the blood-brain interface, respond fast to hypoxia by expressing regulator of G-protein signalling 5 (RGS5), a negative regulator of G-protein-coupled receptors. RGS5 expression in pericytes is observed in pathological hypoxic environments (e.g. tum
Formal models for the safety validation of autonomous vehicles have become increasingly important. To this end, we present a safety framework for longitudinal automated driving. This framework allows calculating minimum safe inter-vehicular distances for arbitrary ego vehicle control policies. We use this framework to enhance the Responsibility-Sensitive Safety (RSS) model and models based on it,
8-oxo Guanine DNA Glycosylase 1 is the initiating enzyme within base excision repair and removes oxidized guanines from damaged DNA. Since unrepaired 8-oxoG could lead to G : C→T : A transversion, base removal is of utmost importance for cells to ensure genomic integrity. For cells with elevated levels of reactive oxygen species this dependency is further increased. In the past we and others have
Background: The prevalence of celiac disease in the general population is mainly unknown in most of sub-Saharan African countries. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of celiac disease autoimmunity (CDA) and its associations with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (LMTB) and Helicobacter pylori (HP) infections in Ethiopian children aged 4 years in an HLA genotyped cohort study. Met
Objective: Fatigue is one of the most prevalent and distressing symptoms reported by survivors of childhood cancer. There is currently a lack of longitudinal studies on cancer-related fatigue, and especially on the relationship between the course of fatigue during treatment and fatigue at follow-up. The purpose of the current study was therefore to investigate if the course of fatigue during treat
Animals commonly integrate multiple sources of information to guide their behavior. Among insects, previous studies have suggested that the relative reliability of cues affects their weighting in behavior, but have not systematically explored how well alternative integration strategies can account for the observed directional choices. Here, we characterize the directional reliability of an ersatz
Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and high levels of disinhibition have been associated with a variety of negative outcomes such as aggressive antisocial behavior (AAB). However, forensic psychiatric populations remain an understudied group in this field of research. This study aimed to fill that gap by investigating associations between ACE, AAB, and disinhibition in a forensic psychiatric samp
Scientists and funding bodies are interdependent actors involved in an ongoing two-way signalling interaction; however, we lack insight on the social mechanisms underpinning this interaction. To address this issue, we examine how successfully funded scientists interpret and address criteria set by the funding body to maximise their chances of funding success. We also consider the possible adverse
Aromatic ring flips are a hallmark of protein dynamics. They are experimentally studied by NMR spectroscopy, where recent advances have led to improved characterization across a wide range of time scales. Results on different proteins have been interpreted as continuous diffusive ring rotations or jumplike flips, leading to diverging views of the protein interior as being fluidlike or solidlike, r
Research on floral volatiles has grown substantially in the last 20 years, which has generated insights into their diversity and prevalence. These studies have paved the way for new research that explores the evolutionary origins and ecological consequences of different types of variation in floral scent, including community-level, functional, and environmentally induced variation. However, to add
Purpose: Exposure to cold air may harm the airways. It is unclear to what extent heavy exercise adds to the cold-induced effects on peripheral airways, airway epithelium, and systemic immunity among healthy individuals. We investigated acute effects of heavy exercise in sub-zero temperatures on the healthy airways. Methods: Twenty-nine healthy individuals underwent whole body exposures to cold air
Pediatric neuroradiology is a subspecialty within radiology, with possible pathways to train within the discipline from neuroradiology or pediatric radiology. Formalized pediatric neuroradiology training programs are not available in most European countries. We aimed to construct a European consensus document providing recommendations for the safe practice of pediatric neuroradiology. We particula
We present a novel high-resolution inverse modelling system ("FLEXVAR") based on FLEXPARTCOSMO back trajectories driven by COSMO meteorological fields at 7 km×7 km resolution over the European COSMO-7 domain and the four-dimensional variational (4DVAR) data assimilation technique. FLEXVAR is coupled offline with the global inverse modelling system TM5-4DVAR to provide background mole fractions ("b
This paper explores social interaction in local public squares under different lighting conditions. At its best public squares are social spaces that engender a sense of belonging, increase the quality of life and wellbeing of individuals. It is proposed that outdoor lighting would be essential to the use of the public realm after dark, but empirical results regarding lighting conditions and socia
Interaction of oral bacteria with stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) can negatively affect the success of regenerative endodontic treatment (RET). Through RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis, we studied the effect of the oral bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum and Enterococcus faecalis, as well as their supernatants enriched by bacterial metabolites, on the osteo- and dentinogenic potential of SC
