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Objectives: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. A high level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a major CVD risk factor. Guidelines recommend effective cholesterol management and set LDL-C goals, yet deficiencies exist in physician implementation of these recommendations and in patient uptake of the advice. However, little is known of patient pe

The existing Chiral Perturbation Theory (ChPT) calculations at order p⁶ are reviewed. The principles of ChPT and how they are used are introduced. The main part is a review of the two- and three-flavour full two-loop calculations and their comparison with experiment. We restrict the discussion to the mesonic purely strong and semileptonic sector. The review concludes by mentioning the e

We show that operator-valued Bergman inner functions have the so-called expansive multiplier property generalizing a well-known result of Hedenmalm in the scalar case. This analysis leads to norm bounds for input output maps for a related class of discrete time linear systems. The proof uses properties of the biharmonic Green function. (C) 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

Optical properties of human whole blood were investigated in vitro at 633 nm using a double integrating sphere set-up, The blood flow was maintained at a constant rate through a flow cell while continuously heating the blood at 0.2-1.1 degrees C/min from approximately 25 to 55 degrees C in a heat exchanger, A small, but rather abrupt decrease in the scattering asymmetry factor (g-factor) of 1.7 +/

Maturation of dendritic cells (DC) serves a deterministic role in the link between innate and adaptive immunity, constituting a checkpoint with regard to whether responses from the lymphocyte compartment shall be raised and what class of response is needed to protect the host against invading pathogens. Since DC have not been shown to possess mechanisms such as gene recombination or somatic mutati

To elucidate which neuropeptide Y receptor subtype is responsible for the neuropeptide Y-induced potentiation of the noradrenaline-evoked contraction in human omental arteries we used antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (Antisense), the new selective neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonist, BIBP3226 {(R)-N2-(diphenylacetyl)-N-[(4-hydroxyphenyl) methyl]-D-arginine-amide} and the reverse transcriptase-poly

The incidence of fracture of the upper end of the humerus by age group and sex was studied for a 32-year period from 1950 to 1982. The following numbers of humeral fractures occurred: 1950-1954, 411 fractures; 1961-1964, 552 fractures; 1971-1973, 639 fractures; and 1981-1982, 523 fractures. There was a progressive increase in the age-related incidence in older persons, especially in women. There w

The immunocompetence handicap hypothesis proposes that testosterone (T)-dependent sexual signals are honest indicators of male health or genetic quality because only high-quality males are able to withstand the obligate effects of T-induced immunosuppression. In birds, the basic assumption that T suppresses immune function is equivocal, and the physiological mechanisms underlying T-induced immunos

BACKGROUND: The proportion of free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is higher in the sera of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia compared with patients with prostate cancer (PCa). We developed an immunoassay that measures intact, free PSA forms (fPSA-I), but does not detect free PSA that has been internally cleaved at Lys145-Lys146 (fPSA-N), and investigated whether this form could discrimin

Post-translational modifications are associated with certain autoimmune diseases. For example, in the initial steps of coeliac disease (CD), transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) catalyzes a post-translational deamidation of specific glutamine residues in dietary gluten, resulting in antibodies against both modified gliadin and against TG2. Anti-TG2 has become a specific biomarker for CD. In rheumatoid ar

The death of a newborn is a complex and tragic situation, the uncertain and stressful nature of which places emotional burdens on the parents. The aim of this study was to examine and illuminate mothers' experiences and perceptions of the care given to them at neonatal clinics while facing the threat and the reality of losing their baby. METHOD: Interviews were performed, in the form of conversati

Carbon dioxide is an antimicrobial gas commonly used in modified atmosphere packaging. In the present study, the effects of carbon dioxide on growth of, and neurotoxin production by, non-proteolytic Clostridium botulinum type E were studied during the growth cycle. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to quantify expression of the type E botulin

Objectives: Foam sclerotherapy of the great saphenous vein is a relatively new and promising treatment option for patients with axial reflux. Its usefulness may be limited by low primary occlusion rates. We present a standard technique for catheter-directed foam sclerotherapy, which facilitates foam delivery precisely to its intended site of action and potentially improves occlusion rates. Methods

BACKGROUND: Short body height is associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease; however, mechanisms are not fully explained. In this study, associations between body height and serum cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL cholesterol) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL cholesterol) were investigated. METHODS: Prospective cohort study of middle-aged men from Helsingborg, Swed

Two theoretical studies are presented, both prompted by recent experiments. First, we investigate the time evolution of excitations in two chaotically coupled systems. There is a certain localization effect, because equipartition of the probability density or the energy is typically not reached. We use a random matrix model to give a generic explanation for this effect. Second, we derive a leading

To study the role of cytotoxin-associated protein (cagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin (vacA) in Helicobacter pylori infection in an experimental murine model, mice were infected with seven strains with different cagA and vacA status. Groups of 10 NMRI mice were challenged and were killed 5 weeks later. In a second study, 20 mice were challenged with a mixture of the same seven strains and killed 1, 3

A double-blind, randomised, parallel group, multicentre, multinational study compared the effects of 12 months' treatment with lisinopril (10-20 mg once daily) or nifedipine retard tablets (20-40 mg twice daily) in 239 males (aged 18-75 years) and 96 post-menopausal females (aged 40-75 years). They all had a history of clinically stable type II diabetes > 3 months, microalbuminuria and early diabe