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Bone marrow (BM) tissue biopsy evaluation, including trephine biopsy and clot section, is an integral part of BM investigation and is often followed by ancillary studies, in particular immunohistochemistry (IHC). IHC provides in situ coupling of morphological assessment and immunophenotype. The number of different IHC tests that can be applied to BM trephine biopsies and the number of indications

Objectives: This session of the Society for Hematopathology/ European Association for Haematopathology Workshop focused on acute leukemias of ambiguous origin. Methods: We provide an overview of mixed-phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) as recognized in the current World Health Organization classification and summarize diagnostic criteria for major categories of MPAL: B/myeloid, T/myeloid, B/T, and B/

This review focuses on the most recent literature concerning flow cytometry (FCM) application for diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Aberrant FCM results have been defined as abnormalities in at least three tested features comprising at least two bone marrow (BM) cell compartments. FCM results should be interpreted together with the BM smear cytology, the morphological assessment of BM b

Background We have designed one-tube 14-antibody 10-color flow cytometry (FCM) panel that would provide maximum information on lymphoid and myeloid cell subsets in bone marrow aspirates (BMA) from patients with cytopenia(s). Samples and Methods BMA from 8 normal donors, from 286 non-malignant hospital controls, 92 myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), 47 myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), and from 14

Acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), myeloproliferative neoplasms and lymphomas are the most prevalent diagnoses in adults presenting with new onset cytopenia. Here, we describe two 10-color panels of surface markers (screening and comprehensive panel) applied at the Flow Cytometry Laboratory, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. A 10-color flow cytometry is applied using th

There are two broad classes (or categories) of excised human tissue: diagnostic tissue (DT) and research tissue (RT). Classification of excised human tissue does not define its ultimate use and ultimate use of excised human tissue does not define its classification. While both DT and RT can be used for research, DT has specific requirements with respect to how it must be handled if and when being

Dendritic cells (DCs) develop in the bone marrow from haematopoietic progenitor cells. Two subsets, plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and myeloid DCs (mDCs), have been identified. Little is known regarding DC levels in bone marrow of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) before and after chemotherapy. We investigated relative pDC and mDC levels in bone marrow from 37 hospital controls and 60 patients

Definite progress has been made in the exploration of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) by flow cytometry (FCM) since the publication of the World Health Organization 2008 classification of myeloid neoplasms. An international working party initiated within the European LeukemiaNet and extended to include members from Australia, Canada, Japan, Taiwan and the United States has, through several worksho

Context: Megakaryocytes are the "hallmark" of Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms, such as essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, and primary myelofibrosis; their morphology in correlation with Janus kinase 2 (JAK2 V617F) mutation as well as clinical and laboratory parameters remains unknown.Objective: To assess the morphology of megakaryocytes in bone marrow biops

To outline further genetic mechanisms of transformation from follicular lymphoma (FL) to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), we have performed whole genome array-CGH in 81 tumors from 60 patients [29 de novo DLBCL (dnDLBCL), 31 transformed DLBCL (tDLBCL), and 21 antecedent FL]. In 15 patients, paired tumor samples (primary FL and a subsequent tDLBCL) were available, among which three possessed

The ETV6/FLT3 fusion gene has been recently reported in association with myeloproliferative neoplasm with eosinophilia (MPN-Eo) and peripheral T cell lymphoma. Favorable clinical response to a targeted FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (FLT3 TKI) was noted. Here we report a novel phenotype associated with ETV6/FLT3 rearrangement, in a 38-year-old female with presentation of progressive lymphadenopath

Association of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and multiple myeloma in the same individual is rare. These malignancies may be related through a common clonal origin, or exist as separate malignancies from different clones. Multiple myeloma may exist simultaneously with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, or be diagnosed several months after chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Common symptoms experienced in th

This prospective phase II study evaluated the efficacy of azacitidine (Aza) + erythropoietin (Epo) in transfusion-dependent patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients ineligible for or refractory to full-dose Epo + granulocyte colony stimulation factors for 48 weeks and a transfusion need of ≥ 4 units over 8 weeks were included. Aza 75mgm -2 d-1, 5/28 days, was given for six

Del(5q) myelodysplastic syndromes defined by the International Prognostic Scoring System as low- or intermediate- 1-risk (lower-risk) are considered to have an indolent course; however, recent data have identified a subgroup of these patients with more aggressive disease and poorer outcomes. Using deep sequencing technology, we previously demonstrated that 18% of patients with lower-risk del(5q) m

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous disease, and infectious agents are suspected to be involved in the tumorigenesis of DLBCL. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs modulating protein expression. We compared miRNA expression profiles in lymph node tissues of patients with DLBCL of the activated B-cell like (ABC) type from two geographical areas with different background expos

We examined the capacity of budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus)to visually detect dark single targets against a brighter background and established their spatial resolution limit for such targets. While the sampling density of the retina limits the resolution of gratings, target detection is theoretically limited by contrast sensitivity. This allows many animals to detect single targets smaller