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In Finland, forests are both one of the main national economic resources and the main source of biodiversity. Lack of detailed empirical evidence of how forestry affects biodiversity limits the development of sustainable forest management. Previous studies have found that the Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) is a keystone species in mature coniferous boreal forests, and that its presence is a

Vegetation nutrient limitation is essential for understanding ecosystem responses to global change. In particular, leaf nitrogen (N) is known to be plastic under changed nutrient limitation. However, models can often not capture these observed changes, leading to erroneous predictions of whole‐ecosystem stocks and fluxes.We hypothesise that an optimality approach can improve representation of leaf

Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Here we describe a medulloblastoma model using Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived human neuroepithelial stem (NES) cells generated from a Gorlin syndrome patient carrying a germline mutation in the sonic hedgehog (SHH) receptor PTCH1. We found that Gorlin NES cells formed tumors in mouse cerebellum mimicking human medul

Plant–soil interactions, such as the coupling of plants' below-ground biomass allocation with soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition, nutrient release and plant uptake, are essential to understand the response of carbon (C) cycling to global changes. However, these processes are poorly represented in the current terrestrial biosphere models owing to the simple first-order approach of SOM cycling

A series of experimental measurements on a prototype premixed swirl burner with complex geometry were carried out using CH2O/OH-PLIF. FGM method(SFGM)taking account of strain rate was developed to study two modes of premixed swirl flame, one stabilized and the other close to blown-off flame under the same Reynolds number(Re=10000). The SFGM model in this work is related to a reaction factor, which

BACKGROUND: Severe asthma exerts a disproportionately heavy burden on patients and health care. Due to the heterogeneity of the severe asthma population, many patients need to be evaluated to understand the clinical features and outcomes of severe asthma in order to facilitate personalised and targeted care. The International Severe Asthma Registry (ISAR) is a multi-country registry project initia

Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome is a potentially lethal illness attributed to superantigens produced by Staphylococcus aureus, in particular toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), but staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are also implicated. The genes encoding these important toxins are carried on mobile genetic elements, and the regulatory networks controlling expression of these toxins remain r

The sun is the most important energy source for the Earth’s climate system, however, influences of solar variations on climate are not fully understood. Studying past solar activity can improve our understanding of what role the sun plays in Earth’s climate. Cosmogenic radionuclides, such as 10Be in ice cores, are powerful tools to reconstruct past solar activity before the period of direct telesc

Oscillatory neural activity in the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical (CBGTC) loop is associated with the motor state of a subject, but also with the availability of modulatory neurotransmitters. For example, increased low-frequency oscillations in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are related to decreased levels of dopamine and have been proposed as biomarkers to adapt and optimize therapeutic interven

Objectives: Current guidelines rank abatacept, rituximab, tocilizumab and TNF-inhibitors (TNFi) as having equal effectiveness for the treatment of RA, at least as second line therapies. These recommendations are mainly based on meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, with few direct drug-drug comparisons. Our objective was to compare the real-world absolute and relative effectiveness among

The adsorption of proteins is a very common phenomenon, happening almost always when a protein solution comes into contact with a solid. However, it is far from always clear what the results of adsorption will be in terms of adsorbed amount, protein orientation, and protein conformation. In this work, the adsorption of two proteins – histatin 5 and fibrinogen – has been studied using coarse-graineThe adsorption of proteins is a very common phenomenon, happening almost always when a protein solution comes into contact with a solid. However, it is far from always clear what the results of adsorption will be in terms of adsorbed amount, protein orientation, and protein conformation. In this work, the adsorption of two proteins – histatin 5 and fibrinogen – has been studied using coarse-graine

Komplexiteten hos a-synukleinopatier, som inkluderar multipel systematrofi (MSA) och Parkinsons sjukdom (PS), är inte helt klarlagd. Det är känt att patologisk ansamling av a-synuclein (a-syn) till fiberlika proteinaggregat är ett cellulärt kännetecken för dessa sjukdomar. a-Syn-positiva aggregat förekommer i nervceller i PS och Lewy body demens (LBD) och i oligodendrocyter i MSA. Mycket forskningThe complexity of a-synucleinopathies, which include multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), is not entirely understood. It is known that pathological accumulation of a-synuclein (a-syn) into proteinaceous aggregates is a cellular hallmark of these diseases. a-Syn positive aggregates appear in neurons in PD and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and in oligodendrocytes in MSA. Mu

This white paper contains six policy ideas that may help countries in coping with theCOVID-19 pandemic. The paper focuses on policies that can slow down the spread of the disease, better protect high-risk groups and leverage that a large part of the labor force is idle. For each policy idea, we describe the problem it is meant to solve, what may be leveraged to solve it, and a brief analysis of beThis white paper contains six policy ideas that may help countries in coping with theCOVID-19 pandemic. The paper focuses on policies that can slow down the spread of the disease, better protect high-risk groups and leverage that a large part of the labor force is idle. For each policy idea, we describe the problem it is meant to solve, what may be leveraged to solve it, and a brief analysis of be

The stacked multi-level (SML) klystron modulator topology has been suggested as an alternative to conventional pulse transformer based topologies in an attempt to improve output pulse performance and reduce system size for long pulse applications. In this topology, a power converter chain including a high frequency transformer generates the output pulse in a pulse modulation/demodulation scheme, e

We demonstrate a novel and rapid method for nanowire (NW) solar cell processing. NW arrays were embedded in photoresist. The strong absorption of light in the NWs leads to self-limited exposure of the resist, which enables selective removal of the exposed part of the resist, opening up for the tips of the NWs and further processing. The UV-exposure technology allows a fast and low-cost process com