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Measures of muscle mass, strength, and function predict risk of incident fractures, but it is not known whether this risk information is additive to that from FRAX (fracture risk assessment tool) probability. In the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study cohorts (Sweden, Hong Kong, United States), we investigated whether measures of physical performance/appendicular lean mass (ALM) by DXA pred

Vi har lyckan att leva i en föränderlig värld, och med förändringar följer variation. Den stora variationen i yttre egenskaper hos djur, och i synnerhet deras färger, fascinerar både forskare och lekmän. I den här avhandlingen utforskar jag flera aspekter på varför, och hur, färgvariation evolverar hos en karismatisk insektsgrupp. Dammflicksländor är färgglada, dagaktiva och visuellt drivna organiSexual conflict over mating shapes the interactions between males and females in many animals and is also responsible for dramatic adaptations in both sexes. In some species of pond damselflies (Odonata:Coeangrionidae), sexual conflict maintains discrete female-limited colour morphs over multiple generations and within populations. One of the female morphs is typically male-coloured and considered

The life expectancy of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) has steadily increased, which has been accompanied by an increased risk of dementia. Staff and managers are key resources for safety diagnosis since they deliver information about people with ID behavior every day. The aim of the present study was to explore the identification process employed by staff and managers to detect signs o

User attitudes on privacy with respect to location data has been extensively studied. However, user attitudes of privacy in relation to proximity sensing is still lacking. We present the results from a survey conducted on users of a proximity sensing application we developed and diffused by handing out phones with the proximity sensing application pre-installed, with 31 respondents. The results co

OBJECTIVE: To explore changes in pain, spasticity, range of motion, activities of daily living, bowel and lower urinary tract function and quality of life of individuals with spinal cord injury following robotic exoskeleton gait training.DESIGN: Prospective, observational, open-label multicentre study.METHODS: Three training sessions per week for 8 weeks using an Ekso™ GT robotic exoskeleton (EKSO

The early molecular response to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) was evaluated using biopsies of structurally normal-appearing cortex, obtained at location for intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring, from 16 severe TBI patients. Mass spectrometry (MS; label free and stable isotope dimethyl labeling) quantitation proteomics showed a strikingly different molecular pattern in TBI in comparison to

Background: In spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the role of surgical treatment remains controversial, particularly in deep-seated ICHs. We hypothesized that early mortality and long-term functional outcome differ between patients with surgically treated lobar and deep-seated ICH. Method: Patients who underwent craniotomy for ICH evacuation from 2009 to 2015 were retrospec

The basic pathophysiology of TBI consists of an initial, primary injury including rapid deformation of brain tissue with destruction of brain parenchyma and blood vessels and acute loss of neuronal and glial cells. A key concept in the management of TBI is that not all cell death occurs at the time of primary injury; instead, a cascade of molecular and neurochemical secondary events occur during t

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces a marked systemic biochemical stress response with the release of several stress-related hormones including cortisol and the catecholamines. A major aim of using continuous sedation in the neurointensive care unit (NIC) unit is to attenuate the TBI-induced stress response via reduction of the cerebral energy metabolic demands. In the era of modern multimodality

BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) and/or energy metabolic disturbances exist in the tissue surrounding a surgically evacuated intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). If present, such CBF and/or metabolic impairments may contribute to ongoing tissue injury and the modest clinical efficacy of ICH surgery.OBJECTIVE: To conduct an observational study of CBF and the energy meta

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) commonly results in injury to the components of the white matter tracts, causing post-injury cognitive deficits. The myelin-producing oligodendrocytes (OLs) are vulnerable to TBI, although may potentially be replaced by proliferating oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). The cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a key mediator of the complex inflammatory response, and

OBJECTIVE: To compare neurofilament light (NfL) and tau as blood-based biomarkers for acute sports-related concussion (SRC) and determine whether their concentrations at different time points after the injury are associated with prolonged time to return to play (RTP).METHODS: A total of 288 professional hockey players were followed longitudinally from September 1, 2012, to April 30, 2015. Data col

Intellectual property right (IPR) infringement has taken and increasingly takes place in the online environment, in particular on the internet, which has raised concerns on many different levels, and has led to a number of recent European initiatives. A number of legislative measures have been adopted at both international and European levels whose purposes are to strengthen and harmonise the prot

Social interaction sensing and indoor positioning using are widely researched. However, many use cases only need to determine proximity, and not the exact location. In this paper, we describe two methods to determine which meeting each user is participating in using proximity data collected from a challenging real-world office.We show that the RSSI threshold approach to detecting proximity is not

Cloud computing provides the illusion of infinite capacity to application developers. However, data center provisioning is complex and it is still necessary to handle the risk of capacity shortages. To handle capacity shortages, graceful degradation techniques sacrifice user experience for predictability. In all these cases, the decision making policy that determines the degradation interferes wit

Cigarette smoke is the most relevant risk factor for the development of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Many of its more than 4500 chemicals are highly reactive, thereby altering protein structure and function. Here, we used subcellular fractionation coupled to label-free quantitative MS to globally assess alterations in the proteome of different compartments of lung epithel

The chemical composition of calcium phosphate (CaP) materials for the regenerative therapy of large bone defects is similar to that of bone. Additionally, calcium phosphates show an excellent biocompatibility. Besides the support of defect healing calcium phosphate implants should be completely degraded within an adequate time period to be replaced by newly formed bone. Although degradation of CaP

Chronic lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are all characterized by structural changes of the airways and/or lungs that limit airflow and/or gas exchange. Currently, there is no therapy available that adequately targets the structural remodeling of the airways and lungs in these diseases. This underscores the great ne

Hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramic is a widely used synthetic bone substitute material for the regeneration of bone defects. We manufactured HA scaffolds with adjustable pore sizes and pore geometry by dispense-plotting. In addition, we attached peptides covalently onto the HA surface and are able to simultaneously quantify the amount of covalently attached and adsorbed peptide down to the picomolar rang