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Defocus changes the visual contrast sensitivity function, thereby creating a complex curve with local dips and peaks. Since underwater vision in humans is severely defocused, we used optical theory and the phenomenon of spurious resolution to predict how well humans can see in this environment. The values obtained correspond well with experimental measurements of underwater human acuity from earli
Background: The aim of this study was to provide normative data of bone mineral density (BMD; g/cm(2)) of the forearm and the calcaneus, evaluated by peripheral dual X ray absorbtiometry (DXA), in children aged 6 to 7 years of age and to evaluate the association with anthropometrics and sex. Materials and methods: 368 boys and 326 girls with a mean age of 6.7 +/- 0.4 years participated. BMD was me
Seed bank is a plant life history strategy against the unpredictability of the biotic and the abiotic environment. We simulated competition between a seed banking and a non-banking morph of an annual plant. A constant fraction of the banker morph seeds was allocated to the seed bank, where they had a constant mortality and germination rate. All surviving seeds of the non-banker morph germinated in
Popular Abstract in Swedish Varje dag bildas ca 10^12 nya blodceller i människokroppen. Denna enorma produktion av celler utgår från benmärgen och pågår under hela vårt liv. Ytterst sett är denna process beroende av en till antalet liten cellpopulation av sk blodstamceller eller hematopoietiska stamceller. Den enorma potential som vilar i detta system illustreras av det faktum att en enda blodstamHematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in the bone marrow (BM) of adult individuals and are ultimately responsible for the continuous production of blood cells throughout life. The regulation of HSCs in vivo is tightly regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The Smad-signaling pathway is an evolutionary conserved signaling circuitry with critical functions during embryogenesis and throu
Recent climate change has sparked an interest in the timing of biological events, which is a general problem in life-history evolution. Reproduction in many organisms breeding in seasonal environments, e. g. migratory birds, is dependent on the exploitation of a short but rich food supply. If the seasonal timing of the food peak advances owing to climate change, then one would expect the bird to t
The paper is based on an inventory of crofts and cottages that was made in the parish of Länghem in the southern part of the province of Västergötland, Sweden at the end of the 1950ies and the beginning of the 1960ies. The parish of Länghem has both manors (the medieval Torpa and Hofsnäs and the 17th century Sällerås) and independent villages. The inventory was made quite traditionally. We tried t
Effects of A-322312 (alpha(1B)-adrenoceptor (AR) antagonist), A-119637 (alpha(1D)-AR antagonist), prazosin (non-selective alpha(1)-AR antagonist), and yohimbine (alpha(2)-AR antagonist) were studied in rat corpus cavernosum (CC) and cavernous artery (Acc) preparations. Effects of intracavernous (i.c.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of alpha(1)-AR antagonists on apomorphine-induced erecti
Purpose: We compared ProstaLund Feedback Treatment(R) (PLFT(R)) to transurethral prostate resection (TURP) in terms of efficacy and safety in a pooled analysis of 3 clinical studies with 1-year followup. Materials and Methods: Overall raw data on 183 patients with PLFT(R) and 65 with TURP were pooled. All studies had identical inclusion criteria, and the efficacy and safety of the method were eval
The thesis uses, as a starting point for a discussion of emergency response management, the problem of gradual coordinated adaptation of management functions in relation to an event and its dynamics. Empirical observations and analyses carried out in the research project show that important problemsolving processes not included in, and sometimes diverging from, planning and preparations frequently
A method to study total deposition of aerosol attached radon progeny in children and adults have been validated and used in home environments. Two persons, one child and one adult are tested simultaneously, thus inhaling from the same aerosol and allowing for a direct comparison. The aim of the study was to increase the knowledge of the lung deposition and thereby the knowledge of the radiation do
We study the phase of the atomic polarization in the process of high-order harmonic generation. Its dependence on the laser intensity and the harmonic order induce a frequency variation in time (chirp) respectively of the harmonic pulses and attosecond pulses. We review the recent experimental results on the temporal characterization of the harmonic emission and show that measurements performed us
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling sammanfattar arbete där tidsupplöst röntgendiffraktion har använts för att undersöka kristallina material och studera dynamiken hos fononer och fasövergångar. Röntgendiffraktion är standardverktyget för stukturbestämning på en atomär skala. Det har använts länge och har framgångsrikt hjälp vetenskapsmän att bestämma strukturen hos en stor mängd materiaThis thesis summarizes work in which time-resolved X-ray diffraction has been used to probe crystalline materials, thereby revealing the dynamics of phonons and phase transitions. X-ray diffraction is the standard tool in investigations of structure on the atomic scale. It has been used for a long time, and has successfully helped scientists to find the structure of a wide range of materials. The
PURPOSE: To describe a fatal case of late aortic perforation by an endograft-anchoring stent. METHODS AND RESULTS: A 69-year-old woman presented 2 years after thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair with a 9-cm dilatation of the descending thoracic aorta proximal to the conventional aortic graft. A 38-mm Dacron graft with multiple Gianturco Z-stents sutured inside was placed transluminally across the aor
Abstract is not available
The process of becoming an Ig-producing plasma cell takes the mature B cell through the germinal center, where Ig genes are diversified through somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination. To more clearly define functional characteristics of the germinal center dark zone centroblasts and the light zone centrocytes, we have performed expression analysis of the CD77(+) and CD77(-) populatio
Objective: The aim of this study was to test the feasibility and accuracy of transthoracic Doppler echocardiography measurement of coronary flow reserve (CFR) in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) territory in the clinical setting of the acute coronary syndrome. Methods: Transthoracic Doppler echocardiography measurements of CFR were made in 42 consecutive patients in the distal LA
Strong superlattice effects are reported on E(k(vertical bar vertical bar)) band dispersions measured by angle-resolved photoemission on W(3 3 1) and W(5 5 1), and graphene nanostripes on Ni(7 7 1). A splitting of the dispersions with reciprocal superlattice vector G = 2 pi/L is observed for a surface resonance on W(3 3 1) and W(5 5 1) and for pi-states of graphene/Ni(7 7 1). Photon-energy-depende
