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Spatial models, such as the Besag, York and Mollie (BYM)model, have long been used in epidemiology and disease mapping. A commonproblem in these subjects is the modelling of number of disease eventsper region; here the BYM models provides a holistic framework for bothcovariates and dependencies between regions.We use these tools to assess the relative insurance risk associated withthe policyholderSpatial models, such as the Besag, York and Mollie (BYM)model, have long been used in epidemiology and disease mapping. A commonproblem in these subjects is the modelling of number of disease eventsper region; here the BYM models provides a holistic framework for bothcovariates and dependencies between regions.We use these tools to assess the relative insurance risk associated withthe policyholder

It has been suggested that some experiences are transformative; they radically change a person, their understanding of and way of being in the world (cf. Paul 2014). What this means for people who face choices in which they know that they will go through a transformative experience is a complicated matter. How can choice options in such situations be compared and ranked? What could it be to act ra

In this concluding chapter, we focus on outlining the next frontier in research on rhythm cognition and rhythmic communication (RCC), synthesising conceptual, methodological, comparative, and applied directions, as they emerge from the contributions to the Nature Beats volume. While consensus has grown regarding the composite nature of rhythmic competence and the need for integrated quantitative a

Bird flight conversion efficiency (η) determines the amount of metabolic power (Pmet) transformed into mechanical power (Pmech) to remain aloft, and it is central to understanding animal flight energetics, yet it remains difficult to quantify. Using 13C-labelled sodium bicarbonate (NaBi) and particle image velocimetry (PIV), we measured Pmet and Pmech, respectively, in un-instrumented barn swallow

Photochemical regeneration of NADH is essential for bioinspired redox catalysis but remains limited by inefficient electron-proton coordination. We report a donor–acceptor conjugated polymer system with rhodium centers, where electron-donating substituents (–OH, –OMe, –Me) can modulate both photo-induced charge behavior and surface reaction properties. The optimal –OH subsitutents can, on one hand

In response to the limitations of traditional total antioxidant capacity (TAC) determination methods—namely limited sensitivity and weak anti-interference ability—as well as the reliance on toxic hydrogen peroxide in conventional nanozyme-based sensing systems, silver nanoparticles (HA-AgNPs) with enzyme-mimicking catalytic activity were synthesized using hydroxylamine hydrochloride as the reducin

Bacilladnaviridae is a family of viruses with single-stranded, circular DNA genomes that range from 3.4 to 6 kb and contain a short double-stranded region of 0.5–1 kb. The genome is replicated by the rolling-circle mechanism. Bacilladnavirids encode a jelly-roll capsid protein which forms non-enveloped icosahedral capsids with a T=3 symmetry. All cultured bacilladnavirids infect diatoms, a g

This study presents a generic method to selectively enhance radiative pathways over non-radiative states by leveraging vibrational coupling between the host lattice and mid-gap states of doped transition metal ions. While previously demonstrated with Mn, this work successfully incorporates Ni 2+ ions into CsPbCl 3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs), showcasing the method's versatility and tunability

Doped perovskite lead halide nanocrystals (PHNCs) are promising materials for various optoelectronic applications, but the major challenge faced by the researchers is the inability to dope foreign elements into perovskite lattice because of the strong lead-halide bond energies. In this work, we have used Fe as a dopant in CsPbCl3 to explore different doping techniques based on the colloidal s

Lead halide perovskite (CsPbX3, where X = Cl, Br, or I) quantum dots (QDs), with tunable optical and electronic properties, have attracted attention because of their promising applications in solar cells and next-generation optoelectronic devices. Hence, it is crucial to investigate in detail the fundamental size-dependent properties of these perovskite QDs to obtain high-quality nanocrystals for

The optical and electronic properties of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals have been explored extensively due to their increasing demand in photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications. But little is known about the growth kinetics of these nanocrystals. In this work, we demonstrate an interesting new mechanism using the method of arrested growth and precipitation to isolate the intermediates. W

Herein we report the use of a hue parameter of HSV (Hue, Saturation and Value) color space—in combination with chromaticity color coordinates—for exploring the complexation-induced luminescence color changes, ranging from blue to green to yellow to white, from a non-luminescent Fe-doped ZnS quantum dot (QD). Importantly, the surface complexation reaction helped a presynthesized non-luminescen

Granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration is increasingly used for quaternary treatment of municipal wastewater to remove organic micropollutants, in line with the revised EU Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive (Directive (EU) 2024/3019). This review compiles and synthesises available, peer-reviewed, and long-term pilot- and full-scale studies and, in contrast to previous reviews, particularly a

Rapid adaptive evolution can increase the competitive ability of invasive species in their non-native ranges. However, whether this increase is a general response and what drives it remain uncertain because the evidence is largely based on studies with limited sampling, inadequate consideration of population co-ancestry, and oversimplified estimates of competitive ability. We conduct a large-scale