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We recently reported that p38 MAPK regulates TNF-induced endothelial apoptosis via phosphorylation and downregulation of Bcl-xL. Here, we describe that such apoptosis includes p38 NIAPK-mediated, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)-dependent, downregulation of the MEK-ERK pathway. Inhibition of PP2A with fostriecin or calyculin A significantly increased MEK phosphorylation, as did exposure to the p38 MA

Glial cells support neuronal survival and function by secreting neurotrophic cytokines. Retinal Mueller glial cells (RMGs) support retinal neurons, especially photoreceptors. These highly light-sensitive sensory neurons receive vision, and their death results in blinding diseases. It has been proposed that RMGs release factors that support photoreceptor survival, but the nature of these factors re

We have studied the effects of bulk anisotropy and the strain induced by lattice mismatch on the interband tunneling in broken-gap single-barrier InAs/AlSb/GaSb heterostructures and double-barrier InAs/AlSb/GaSb/InAs/AlSb/GaSb heterostructures. We have used the eight-band k.p model and the scattering matrix method, combined with the Burt envelope function theory, to calculate the interband transmi

Natural radiative lifetimes have been measured along the 6sns S-3(1) (n=7-10) and 6snd D-3(1) (n=6-11) Rydberg series of neutral mercury using time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy in a laser-produced mercury plasma. The states of Hg I investigated in the present work were populated from the ground state by a stepwise excitation process. Relativistic Hartree-Fock calculations, incl

Objectives: To investigate the incidence of hyperthyroidism in Stockholm County in those patients who were diagnosed with hyperthyroidism for the First time during the years 2003-2005. Design: All new cases of hyperthyroidism >= 18 years of age were prospectively registered to calculate the total incidence of hyperthyroidism, as well as the incidence of the subgroups: Graves' disease (GD), toxic m

Many strains of the important human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes form aggregates when grown in vitro in liquid medium. The present studies demonstrate that this property is crucial for the adherence, the resistance to phagocytosis and the virulence of S. pyogenes. A conserved sequence of 19 amino acid residues (designated AHP) was identified in surface proteins of common S. pyogenes serotypes.

AIM: To examine treatment and glucose control in type 2 diabetes patients with and without hypertension, and to explore differences in markers for insulin resistance and beta cell function. METHODS: A community-based, cross-sectional observational study was carried out at the hypertension and diabetes outpatient clinic in primary health care, Skara, Sweden. The subjects were all the 400 patients w

Two macrocyclic peptides 3 and 4 were formed during lactamization of 1,1'-ferrocenylbis(alanine) 1. Isolation, structure determination, and conformational analysis of 3 and 4 are reported as well as a controlled stepwise synthesis of 4 also including an improved route to 1. On the basis of their H-1 NMR spectra recorded at 300 K in DMSO-d(6), the dimer 3 and trimer 4 were found to be C-2 and C-3 s

The thermal insulation properties of clothing systems can be defined through physical measurements using thermal manikins or through wear trials using human test subjects. One objective of the European Subzero project was to define the relationship between physically measured thermal insulation values of cold-protective clothing and the corresponding physiological reactions on human test subjects.

The migratory orientation of juvenile white-crowned sparrows, Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelli, was investigated by orientation cage experiments in manipulated magnetic fields performed during the evening twilight period in northwestern Canada in autumn. We did the experiments under natural clear skies in three magnetic treatments: (1) in the local geomagnetic field; (2) in a deflected magnetic fie

To obtain a deeper insight into the genes and gene networks involved in the development of placentopathies, we have assessed global gene expression in three different models of placental hyperplasia caused by interspecies hybridization (IHPD), cloning by nuclear transfer, and mutation of the Esx1 gene, respectively. Comparison of gene expression profiles of approximately 13,000 expressed sequence

We hereby report on a three year project initiative undertaken by our research team encompassing large-scale protein expression profiling and annotations of human primary lung fibroblast cells. An overview is given of proteomic studies of the fibroblast target cell involved in several diseases such as asthma, idiopatic pulmonary disease, and COPD. It has been the objective within our research team

All virulent group A streptococcal isolates bind fibrinogen, a property that is closely linked to expression of type-specific antiphagocytic surface molecules designated M proteins. Here we show that although the M proteins from two different strains, M1 and M5, both bind fibrinogen with high affinity, they interact with different regions in the ligand. Moreover, mapping experiments demonstrated t

Objectives The aims of this study were to collect and review tuberculosis (TB)-HIV data for Europe and to provide an overview of current health policies addressing co-infection. Methods We collected reported cases of TB-HIV from the 25 most affected member states of the World Health Organization (WHO) European region. Countries were also asked whether they had implemented health policies covering

The optical properties of one-dimensional arrays of metal nanoshell dimers are studied systematically using the T-matrix method based on Mie theory, within the context of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). It is shown that the local electromagnetic enhancement can be as high as similar to 4.5x10(13) for nanoshell dimer arrays with optimal geometry, and sensitive tunability in the resonant f

The solution structures and dynamic behaviour of [Rh6(CO)14(µ-PX)][PX = diphenyl(2-pyridyl)phosphine, (PN); diphenyl(2-thienyl)phosphine, (PS); diphenyl(vinyl)phosphine, (PV)] have been studied by multinuclear NMR and the X-ray structure of [Rh6(CO)14(µ,3-PV)] is reported. In solution, the above clusters undergo a variety of localised CO-exchanges and the mechanisms of these are discussed. The PV