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The complement system, a part of the innate immune system with several links to the adaptive immune system, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The purpose of this thesis was to document and clarify some of these mechanisms. The thesis is based on four papers (I-IV). (I and II) Autoantibodies to the C3 cleaving enzyme complex of the alternative pathway, C3 nephritic facto
Background: Gene expression has a strong stochastic element resulting in highly variable mRNA levels between individual cells, even in a seemingly homogeneous cell population. Access to fundamental information about cellular mechanisms, such as correlated gene expression, motivates measurements of multiple genes in individual cells. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR ( RT-qPCR) is the most acc
Background. Weight loss is common among patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) and is mainly due to tumor and treatment related factors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate weight loss in patients with SCCHN undergoing two different radiotherapy (RT) schedules. Material and methods. Nutritional data were analyzed from the ARTSCAN study, a controlled randomized
Let Q be a suitable real function on C. An n-Fekete set corresponding to Q is a subset {z(n vertical bar) , . . . , z(nn)} of C which maximizes the expression Pi(n)(i
During the last several decades, improvements in diagnostic skills and in the treatment of children with cancer have substantially increased the number of long term survivors of childhood cancer. Treatment of children with cytostatic drugs is known to create a range of late adverse effects. Among these are damage to certain structures of the inner ear and hearing impairment. In children, a hearing
This paper presents a numerical method, here, called recursive obliquely moving approximation (ROMA), for determining the propagation constant from single-ended line test measurements. The method is based on deriving an equation binding the input impedance of the open-ended transmission line and the characteristic impedance with the line propagation constant. The algorithm solving this equation re
Describing the biotic and abiotic processes that are responsible for the formation of spatial patterns in predators and their prey is crucial for improving our understanding of food-web interactions. We studied the spatial distribution of four abundant spider species and three common groups of epedaphic Collembola prey in a beech-dominated (Fagus sylvatica) forest floor habitat and related the obs
Background Ischemic heart disease and stroke are two severe types of cardiovascular disease (CVD), a major contributor to the global burden of disease. The preventive framework currently includes promotion of both adequate cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness. Although muscle fitness is established as an indicator of health, it is currently unknown whether muscle strength is associated with lat
Naturligt urval som en drivande evolutionär kraft accepterades fullt under 1930- och 40-talen sedan darwinistisk selektionsteori kunnat förenas med Mendels ärftlighetslagar. Men modern evolutionsteori utvecklas kontinuerligt. Den darwinistiska evolutionsteorin med sina förgreningsmodeller förklarar mångfalden av levande organismer och deras anpassning till miljön. Moderna sammanslutningar som Tree
KRAS mutations are major factors involved in initiation and maintenance of pancreatic tumors. The impact of different mutations on patient survival has not been clearly defined. We screened tumors from 171 pancreatic cancer patients for mutations in KRAS and CDKN2A genes. Mutations in KRAS were detected in 134 tumors, with 131 in codon 12 and only 3 in codon 61. The GGT>GAT (G12D) was the most fre
Background. There has been little research on how late-life frailty interrelates with sexual health. Our objective was to examine the association of frailty with sexual functioning and satisfaction among older men. Methods. The study population consisted of 1,504 men aged 60 to 79 years, participating in the European Male Aging Study. Self-report questionnaires measured overall sexual functioning,
A readily mass-producible, flip-chip assembled, and slot-coupled III-V compound semiconductor dielectric resonator antenna operating in the millimeter-wave spectrum has been fabricated and characterized. The antenna has a 6.1% relative bandwidth, deduced from its 10 dB return loss over 58.8-62.5 GHz, located around the resonance at 60.5 GHz. Gating in the delay-domain alleviated the analysis of th
Poisson's ratio of an isotropic and free elastic plate is estimated from the polarization of the first symmetric acoustic zero-group velocity Lamb mode. This polarization is interpreted as the ratio of the absolute amplitudes of the surface normal and surface in-plane components of the acoustic mode. Results from the evaluation of simulated datasets indicate that the presented relation, which link
Traditionally, interdisciplinarity has been taken to require conceptual or theoretical integration. However, in the emerging field of sustainability science this kind of integration is often lacking. Indeed sometimes it is regarded as an obstacle to interdisciplinarity. Drawing on examples from sustainability science, we show that problem-feeding, i.e. the transfer of problems, is a common and fru
Background The expression levels of LPL, ZAP70, TCL1A, CLLU1 and MCL1 have recently been proposed as prognostic factors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. However, few studies have systematically compared these different RNA-based markers. Design and Methods Using real-time quantitative PCR, we measured the mRNA expression levels of these genes in unsorted samples from 252 newly diagnosed chronic ly
Aim: The aims of part II is to review the current recommended treatment of exercise-induced asthma (EIA), respiratory and allergic disorders in sports, to review the evidence on possible improvement of performance in sports by asthma drugs and to make recommendations for their treatment. Methods: The literature cited with respect to the treatment of exercise induced asthma in athletes (and in asth
Respiration in plants, most animals and many aerobic microbes is dependent on heme A. This is a highly specialized type of heme found as prosthetic group in cytochrome a-containing respiratory oxidases. Heme A differs structurally from heme B (protoheme IX) by the presence of a hydroxyethylfarnesyl group instead of a vinyl side group at the C2 position and a formyl group instead of a methyl side g
The popularity of Open Source Software (OSS) has increased the interest in using it in safety critical applications. The aim of this study is to review research carried out on usage of open source code in development of safety-critical software and systems. We conducted a systematic mapping study through searches in library databases and manual identification of articles from open source conferenc
