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Popular Abstract in Swedish Prostata cancer är Sveriges vanligaste cancerform. Många patienter med prostata cancer kan bli botade med kirurgi. I en del fall är kurativt syftande behandling inte möjlig. Dessa patienter behandlas då med hormonbehandling. Hormon behandling går ut på att hämma effekten av det maligna könshormonet, testosteron, som både den normala prostata körteln och tumörcellerna ärHormone refractory prostate cancer occurs when androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) fails to stop the growth of prostate cancer for any longer. Recent studies point towards a role for neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation in the development of hormone refractory disease. It has been hypothesized that NE-differentiated malignant tumor cells survive during ADT and promote development of androgen-indepen

Background It might be that early intestinal colonization by bacteria in westernized infants fails to give rise to sufficient immune stimulation to support maturation of regulatory immune mechanisms. Objective The purpose of the present study was to characterize the very early infantile microbiota by using a culture-independent approach and to relate the colonization pattern to development of at

Objective. Collagenous colitis (CC) and lymphocytic colitis (LC) are two subtypes of microscopic colitis (MC). Even though they most often are described as different entities they share many clinical and histological features. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of conversion between CC and LC in a larger cohort of patients. Materials and methods. All 664 patients in our Pathol

This paper presents two circuits, a complete 1.5 V 28 GHz SiGe beam steering PLL and a standalone 28 GHz QVCO with I/Q phase imbalance detection and compensation. The circuits were designed in a SiGe process with f T = 200 GHz. The PLL is intended to be used for beam steering in an 81–86 GHz E-band transmitter. Phase control is implemented by DC current injection at the output of a Gilbert archite

Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) were immobilized on the surface of a graphite electrode (GE) through a simple adsorption route and then the modified surface was covered with a layer of Nafion. The electrochemical behavior of the resulting sensor was investigated using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The sensor showed good electrocatalytic activity toward hydrogen peroxide reduction,

Background: Continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can produce troublesome nasal symptoms (i.e. congestion, rhinorrhea) that may reduce the compliance of CPAP. Topical nasal steroids are often prescribed to reduce these side effects, although scientific data are scarce supporting any benefits of this treatment for CPAP-induced nasal side effects.

In this article we probe the effect of democratization on the state's administrative capacity. Using time-series cross-section data, we find a curvilinear (J-shaped) relationship between the two traits. The effect of democracy on state capacity is negative at low values of democracy, nonexistent at median values, and strongly positive at high democracy levels. This is confirmed under demanding sta

Background: Prospective studies have consistently reported lower colorectal cancer risks associated with higher intakes of total dairy products, total milk and dietary calcium. However, less is known about whether the inverse associations vary for individual dairy products with differing fat contents. Materials and Methods: In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

As is the case with any metaphor, parental effects mean different things to different biologists-from developmental induction of novel phenotypic variation to an evolved adaptation, and from epigenetic transference of essential developmental resources to a stage of inheritance and ecological succession. Such a diversity of perspectives illustrates the composite nature of parental effects that, dep

Osteoclast activity and the fine balance between bone formation and resorption is affected by inflammatory factors such as cytokines and T lymphocyte activity, mediated by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, in turn regulated by the MHC class II transactivator (MHC2TA). We investigated the effect of functional polymorphisms in the MHC2TA gene (CIITA), and two additional genes; C-type

The relation between delta O-18 of precipitation and temperature has been used in numerous studies to reconstruct past temperatures at ice core sites in Greenland and Antarctica. During the past two decades, it has become clear that the slope between delta O-18 and temperature varies in both space and time. Here, we use a general circulation model driven by changes in orbital parameters to investi

The mass of the top quark is measured in a data set corresponding to 4.6 [Formula: see text] of proton-proton collisions with centre-of-mass energy [Formula: see text] TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events consistent with hadronic decays of top-antitop quark pairs with at least six jets in the final state are selected. The substantial background from multijet production is modelle

Single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging probe many characteristics of the fluorescence from individual molecules like relative intensity, polarization, lifetime and spectrum. However, such an important and fundamental parameter as absolute fluorescence intensity (or in other words fluorescence brightness), which is proportional to the absorption cross section and fluorescence quantum

Objective: Advanced glycation end products (AGE) have been implicated in diabetic vascular complications through activation of pro-inflammatory genes. AGE-modified proteins are also targeted by the immune system resulting in the generation of AGE-specific autoantibodies, but the association of these immune responses with diabetic vasculopathy remains to be fully elucidated. The aim of this study w