Experimental Testing and Numerical Evaluation of the Strain-softening Behavior of Birch Using a Cross-validation Calibration Approach
Softwood species are the most commonly used species in structural applications in north-ern Europe. However, in the last couple of years, utilization of hardwoods has gatheredincreased momentum, and different hardwood species, such as birch, have even been uti-lized in cross laminated timber and glued laminated timber [1]. In general hardwoodsshow an increase in strength and stiffness as compared
