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Many parents perceive the urban environment as hazardous for their children and therefore prescribe and circumscribe young people’s access to the environment (Malone, 2001). Consequently, spontaneous unregulated play in neighbourhood spaces is decreasing as children are primarily encouraged to participate in regulated play environments in their homes, friends houses and commercial facilities. Simu
E. coli continues to be a popular host organism for production of recombinant proteins. To obtain a high volumetric productivity at the cultivation stage, it is important to achieve a high cell density and a high specific productivity per cell. In many fed-batch processes, the substrate feed rate eventually becomes limited by the oxygen transfer capacity of the bioreactor. While biomass can contin
Background High-dose aspirin (>= 500 mg daily) reduces long-term incidence of colorectal cancer, but adverse effects might limit its potential for long-term prevention. The long-term effectiveness of lower doses (75-300 mg daily) is unknown. We assessed the effects of aspirin on incidence and mortality due to colorectal cancer in relation to dose, duration of treatment, and site of tumour. Methods
objectives To assess effects of GH replacement therapy on cardiac structure and function, exercise capacity as well as serum lipids in elderly patients with GH deficiency (GHD). patients and methods Thirty-one patients (six females, 25 males), aged 60-79 years (mean 68 years) with GHD on stable cortisone and thyroxine substitution were studied. All men with gonadotropin deficiency had testosteron
The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate families’ experiences when a child is diagnosed as having type 1 diabetes, and at one and three years after diagnosis. Since childhood health and the circumstances around it in the family have been shown to have a lasting impact on adult health and circumstances, an additional aim was to examine the long-term effect of childhood diabetes on educati
Decreasing CO2 emissions in the building sector by improving energy efficiency isan essential part of the goal to reduce global CO2 emissions, as the sector accountedfor nearly 40 percent of the energy-related CO2 emissions in 2017.There are six main parameters that affect a building's energy use. These areoutdoor climate, building envelope properties, building services and energysystems, operatio
Importance: There is an urgent need for inexpensive and minimally invasive blood biomarkers for Alzheimer disease (AD) that could be used to detect early disease changes. Objective: To assess how early in the course of AD plasma levels of tau phosphorylated at threonine 217 (P-tau217) start to change compared with levels of established cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and positron emission tomography (PE
Oilseed rape fields are a very common crop in the agricultural landscape of southern Sweden, and they can harbour surprisingly many insect species. Some of them are herbivores that feed on various parts of the oilseed rape plant, others are natural enemies of the herbivores, and even more species are tourists from the surrounding landscape. In my thesis I have studied these insects and how their p
Svensk tillverkningsindustri bidrar till ca 16 % (Statistics Sweden 2016) av bruttonationalprodukten och medverkar till att ca 900 000 av landets invånare har en anställning (Produktion2030 2016), vilket gör sektorn till en viktig del av Sveriges välfärdssystem. Forskningen syftar främst till att ge industrin verktyg för att analysera och utvärdera produktion för resurseffektivare och lönsammare tIn today’s global market, the industry is struggling every day to make the “correct decisions”. Decisions concerning production can range from smaller improvements to choice tool or equipment investments to relocation of entire production facilities. Increasing globalization leads to both opportunities and challenges, driving the need for fact-based decision-support including costs to be able to e
Every year, 100,000 tons of dissolved hemicelluloses are discharge unused with wastewater from thermomechanical pulp mills around the world. Isolation of these hemicelluloses from the wastewater would not only reduce the treatment costs for the pulp mills but would also provide an excellent raw material for high value applications such as oxygen barriers in food packaging. The isolation of the hem
Bakgrund Med en snabbt växande äldre populationsgrupp kommer även andelen med kognitiva störningar, som demens, att växa. Det är således nödvändigt med forskning på kognition och åldrande. Denna avhandling, genom fyra delarbeten, redogör för testledareffekter vid kognitionsmätningar och hur yngre födelsekohorter (generationer) presterar bättre än äldre på kognitionstester. Den kommer även förklaraGiven a growing population of older adults and the common occurrence of natural as well as pathological cognitive decline, i.e. dementia, there is a need to better understand how to accurately measure and classify level of cognitive functioning. Both using multiple test administrators to collect cognitive data and what year the participant is born (birth cohort effects) can influence participants’
The role of Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), the main protein component of HDL, in cholesterol transport and metabolism is well known and has been studied for more than four decades. More recently, ApoA-I protein has been shown to also have a positive role in glucose control by both stimulation of glucose uptake by muscles and by increasing glucose-stimulated pancreatic insulin secretion. Two of the f
Semi-natural grasslands are characterized by high fine-scale plant species richness. The richest grassland communities, with many habitat-specialist species, are found in ancient grassland sites that have a long continuity of grazing management and low levels of soil nutrients. Grazed grasslands were widespread in the historical landscape. Agricultural intensification over the last two centuries h
Importance: Accurate blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer disease (AD) might improve the diagnostic accuracy in primary care, referrals to memory clinics, and screenings for AD trials. Objective: To examine the accuracy of plasma β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau measured using fully automated assays together with other blood-based biomarkers to detect cerebral Aβ. Design, Setting, and Participants: Two pros
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly associated with the metabolic syndrome, and due to increasing prevalence of for example obesity it is now the most common liver disease in the world. A minority progress to advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis, which is associated with increased mortality, but it is not entirely clear which patients who have an increased risk of fibrosis.Gener
Aims: Estimation of prognosis in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has been influenced by that various risk stratification models use different numbers of prognostic parameters, as well as the lack of a comprehensive and time-saving risk assessment calculator. We therefore evaluated the various European Society of Cardiology (ESC)-/European Respiratory Society (ERS)-based three-and four-strata
