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The European Pre-Standard for protective clothing against cold ENV 342:1998 suggests that the testing of thermal insulation should be made on a moving thermal manikin. In this way the value can be used to match requirements specified by the IREQ-method or as realistic input for prediction of thermal stress in other standards. It is known from prior work that insulation values measured with human s

A common methodology for analyzing metalworking fluid (MWF) aerosols in workplace air is based on gravimetry before and after organic solvent extraction of the MWFs from a suitable collection filter: Because MWFs have different chemical and physical properties, various mixtures of organic solvents have been used to extract the MWFs from their collection device. An alternative to organic solvents,

Objective: To describe physical activity of participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Design: A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data of a European prospective cohort study. Subjects: This analysis was restricted to participants in the age group 50-64 years, which was represented in all EPIC centres. It involved 236 386 participants from 25 centre

Interactions between patients and physiotherapists have been studied by various researchers. Some results indicate that physiotherapists have an awareness of underlying emotions, but often respond only on an intellectual level. It seems that verbally expressed emotions may be important for interaction between physiotherapists and patients during treatment. Aim The aim of this study was to investi

Objective: Rate of non-attendance following invitation for breast cancer screening is related to several socioeconomic conditions. To what extent this reflects differences with regard to individual and environmental circumstances, respectively, has received little attention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of individual socioeconomic and area-level determinants on variation

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of cutaneous field stimulation of C fibers for the treatment of itchy skin and its effect on peripheral nerve fibers as shown in skin biopsy specimens. DESIGN: We conducted an open-label uncontrolled study of 19 patients with itching. Each patient applied a flexible plate containing electrodes to the itchy area for 20 minutes at a time once daily for 5 weeks to

OBJECTIVE: To compare the parental stress in the families of 2 year old extremely low birthweight (ELBW) infants with that in control families, and to compare the stress of mothers with that of fathers. METHODS: The study population included all parents of ELBW infants (birth weight < 1000 g and gestational age at least 22 gestational weeks) born between 1 January 1996 and 31 December 1997 in Hels

OBJECTIVE: To examine the endometrial expression pattern of messenger RNA (mRNA) for selected matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1). DESIGN: Experimental study. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and gynecology of the Palacky University Medical School and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic, Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, University

To assess the stability of polyomavirus antibodies in serial samples over time and the incidence and age-specific prevalence of polyomavirus infections, we established enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) using purified yeast-expressed virus-like particles (VLPs) containing the VP1 major capsid proteins of JC virus (JCV) and the AS and SB strains of BK virus (BKV). A random subsample of 150 Finnish women wh

Endogenous and exogenous sex hormones are of pivotal importance for women’s health. Hormone therapy has been widely studied but there is limited data about androgen and androgen replacement therapy. The aim of this study was to delineate the possible interrelations between endogenous androgens and women’s particularly pertaining to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and risk markers for CVD in perimeno

Allt sedan 1989 har vi i den södra sjukvårdsregionen gett en 20-poängskurs i grundläggande forskningsmetodik. Vår målsättning har varit att ge många läkare en basal vetenskaplig skolning till glädje för den vardagsnära kvalitetsutvecklingen och verksamhetsuppföljningen, men också att stimulera enstaka läkare till att påbörja en regelrätt forskarutbildning. Vi har genom åren presenterat utvecklingeAt the Department of Community Medicine at Lund University we have given courses in basic research methodology since 1989. The course has yielded 20 points of university credit, the equivalent of one full-time semester of studies, and it has been run part-time, covering one and a half years. Our aim has been to provide a large number of physicians with basic training in research methods, and to st

Aim: Carbon monoxide (CO) in blood as assessed by the COHb% is a marker of the cardiovascular ( CV) risk in smokers. Non-smokers exposed to tobacco smoke similarly inhale and absorb CO. The objective in this population-based cohort study has been to describe inter-individual differences in COHb% in never smokers and to estimate the associated cardiovascular risk. Methods: Of the 8,333 men, aged 34

Wind speed and direction have a significant effect on a flying bird's ground speed. Migrants are therefore expected to be sensitive to wind conditions and this should have consequences for optimal strategies of stopover and refuelling. Based on an earlier model of time-minimizing migration which includes wind condition, we investigate the consequences of the temporal correlation of wind conditions

Control beliefs, i.e. a person's perceived control over his or her own behaviour, are important predictors of psychological functioning in old age. The aim of this study is to examine the mediating effect of housing-related control beliefs on the relationship between housing accessibility and independence in activities of daily living (ADL). Moreover, cross-national differences in five European co