AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Delivery by Caesarean section continues to rise globally and has been associated with the risk of developing type 1 diabetes and the rate of progression from pre-symptomatic stage 1 or 2 type 1 diabetes to symptomatic stage 3 disease. The aim of this study was to examine the association between Caesarean delivery and progression to stage 3 type 1 diabetes in children with pre-symp

The complement system is a proteolytic cascade triggered by pathogen and danger-associated molecular patterns, with resultant outcomes of inflammation, cellular activation, and opsonization of material for removal by phagocytosis. While first discovered as an activity in serum, it is now recognized that complement components play important roles at local and individual cell-intrinsic levels. In pa

While the rights of disabled people are widely recognised by gov-ernments around the world, the costs of disability measures seemto be a major barrier to their implementation. Disability researchneeds therefore to engage with the issue of costs in disability pol-itics. Drawing upon citizenship theory, this article considers thesalience of costs in the development of citizenship rights for vari-ous

Research on regional development has recently explored new domains, including agency. Evolutionary perspectives link new development paths to technological innovations and adaptation of economic structures to changing environments. In contrast, the agentic perspective attributes the formation of new development paths to the purposeful actions of human actors. A broad interpretation of the notion o

Patent Law is a legal field designed to promote technological innovation. Patent rights ensure exclusivity of rights to commercialize and explore innovation and in this sense are a fundamental mechanism to attract investment, ensure revenue streams and foster innovation. The relative relevance of patent rights depends on sectors of activity, business models and the nature of both the underlying in

Bacterial endotoxin is a potent inflammatory antigen abundant in the human intestine. Endotoxins circulate in the blood at low concentrations in all healthy individuals. Elevated levels of circulatory endotoxins may cause inflammation with the development of chronic disease, either affecting metabolism, neurological disease, or resistance to viral and bacterial infections. The most important endot

Digital technologies have made it easier and more affordable to record, edit and circulate images. At the same time, visuals can provide scholarly insights beyond what may be documented and conveyed in writing. Nevertheless, visual methods still play a secondary role in humanistic and social science research.This book shows how visual methods can be used to approach difficult-to-access fields and

Background: Stable atherosclerotic plaques are characterized by thick fibrous caps of smooth muscle cells, collagen, and macrocalcifications. Identifying factors of plaque stability is necessary to design drugs to prevent plaque rupture and symptoms. Osteomodulin, originally identified in bones, is expressed by bone synthesizing osteoblasts and involved in mineralization. In the present study, we

Successful technological transitions require the alignment of technologies, capabilities, infrastructure, and institutions across a wide array of industries and involving many agents. In such processes, synergies and complementarities across different fields of economic activity are crucial. When such complementarities are missing, imbalances emerge, which, in the absence of innovation, may stifle

Background and AimsOlder persons with problematic alcohol use vary in psychosocial functioning, age of onset for problem drinking and use of other drugs. The study measured the differential risks of all-cause, alcohol, polydrug and psychiatric-related repeated hospitalizations among older persons with problematic alcohol use.DesignA linked register-based cohort study with discontinuous multiple-fa

This chapter analyses volunteer work for identifying and reporting accessibility faults in urban settings. By looking closely at how people monitor adherence to the accessibility standards of laws and human rights, it is possible to recognise and understand their concrete fight against exclusion and discrimination. The author uses ethnographic data from go-alongs with two ‘accessibility detectives

INTRODUCTION: Thorough treatment planning is essential for a good clinical outcome in orthognathic treatment. The planning is often digital. Both 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) software options are available. The aim of this randomized 2-arm parallel double-blinded active-controlled clinical trial was to compare the outcomes of computer-based 2D and 3D planning techniques according to p

Electric Road Systems (ERS) is an emerging new technology that aim to electrify land transport by supplying electric vehicles (EV) with power. By providing EV's the possibility to charge while driving i.e. dynamic charging the battery size can be greatly decreased compared to a solution with nighttime and fast charging. The evaluation of the potential of ERS has already been published in a number

Diabetes is the result of dysregulation of both insulin and glucagon. Still, insulin has attracted much more attention than glucagon. Glucagon is released from alpha cells in the islets of Langerhans in response to low glucose and certain amino acids. Drugs with the primary aim of targeting glucagon signalling are scarce. However, glucagon is often administered to counteract severe hypoglycaemia,