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Preindustrial society was characterised by vast uncertainties due to harvest failures and fluctuations in prices of basic commodities. These economic fluctuations had severe effects on the standard of living, especially for the poorer segments of the population, as shown for instance, by the increased mortality following economic crises. This article examines the extent to which migration could be

The development of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) is firmly rooted in the idea of higher education (HE) as the cornerstone of a knowledge-based society. Throughout Europe, HE bodies are addressing issues of quality, mobility, employability and lifelong learning. HE agencies and institutions alike are working hard to harmonise European degrees and apply quality assurance standards (ESG,

Previous research has shown that class differences in adult mortality in the study area emerged only in the mid-twentieth century. Such findings question a universal association between socioeconomic status and mortality. This chapter examines whether these class differences in adult mortality emerged at the same time in urban as in rural areas. The analysis shows that the social class gradient in

Shallow geothermal offers great potential to supply emission-free heating and cooling and has therefore a pivotal role in the transition of heating and cooling networks. This paper presents a novel heating and cooling network with possible geothermal energy sharing between decentralized borefields located at each building level. The system consolidates the benefits of both standalone and centraliz

This chapter argues that the international community’s response to the Syrian civil war was a failure of resolute diplomacy. It first recounts how a popular uprising was brutally suppressed by the Bashar al-Assad government’s military forces, sparking a ‘new war’ where many of the protagonists have more to gain from war than peace. It then considers the diplomatic strategies pursued by regional an

The Sámi people stand out as the only Indigenous minority in an egalitarian European context, namely the Nordic Countries. Therefore, inequalities that they may face are worth closer inspection. Drawing on the distinction between inequalities among individuals (vertical) and between groups (horizontal), we investigate how different types of inequalities affect the Sámi today. We formulate a series

This research introduces a novel Energy Management approach, named CIRLEM, aiming to enhance the smartness of buildings by focusing on technical systems operations, environmental variations, and occupants' needs. Deployed in a simulated environment using Building Performance Simulation and Python integration, the study evaluates CIRLEM's performance under future extreme cold weather scenarios, emp

Den snabba utvecklingen av elektrifiering av vägtransporter i Sverige kräver forskningsbaserade beslut om placeringen av laddinfrastruktur. Europeiska unionens (EU) nya förordning för infrastruktur för alternativa bränslen (AFIR) specificerar det maximala tillåtna avståndet mellan offentliga snabbladdningsstationer (FCS) för tunga lastbilar längs det transeuropeiska transportnätverket (TEN-T). Eff