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The idea of personal carbon allowances (PCAs) was presented by the UK Environment Secretary, David Miliband, in 2006. Although no nation state is seriously developing proposals for them, they have been discussed within academia, NGOs and policy-making circles. PCAs can be seen as a logical extension of emissions trading schemes, which has so far only applied at the firm level, to individuals. The
Weather impacts several aspects of our daily life, of which the way we travel is one. The relationship between weather phenomena and ridership of trains has not received much attention previously. The study we present here aims to understand the impact of temperature, wind, and precipitation on passenger volumes for commuter trains. To do so we make use of automatic passenger count and weather dat
The chronic hyperglycaemia of diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of different organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels. The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes can largely be ascribed to the worldwide increase in obesity during the last 30 years; for instance, more than 60% of individuals older than 15 years in the UK and USA a
Objectives: Preelectoral party coalitions are common in multiparty systems. We examine the proposition that individuals who choose between parties from competing coalitions think and behave differently compared to those who only consider voting for parties of the same coalition. Part of the reason, we suggest, is that coalition-straddling voters play a key role in deciding who forms government. Me
In 1689 the Danish royal antiquary Thomas Bartholin the Younger (1659–1690) published a celebrated antiquarian work on the attitudes, customs, and rituals of the pagan inhabitants of Scandinavia. It has been deemed significant both for influencing the development of the historical conception of the ‘Viking Age’ in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and for introducing a rigorous source-criti
Abstract in GermanDas Boot gilt als ein herausragendesSymbol der nordischen Bronzezeit, dargestellt in Tausendenvon Felsbildern und auf vielen Metallgegenständen in ganzSkandinavien. Paradoxerweise sind direkte Hinweise aufdiese Boote rar, und die Orte, an denen Boote gebaut wurden,bleiben größtenteils schwer fassbar. In diesem Artikel schla-gen wir vor, dass die sogenannten Kochgruben entlang derThe boat stands out as a prominent symbol of the Nordic Bronze Age, depicted at thousands of rock art sites and on several metal objects throughout Scandinavia. Paradoxically, direct evidence of these boats is scarce, and the locations where boats were constructed remain largely elusive. In this paper, we put forth the proposition that many ostensibly mislabelled cooking pits along the coast might
The presence of an elite group in civil society elicits a discursive friction between the long-standing normative understanding of civil society, acting as a check on government overreach and autocratic tendencies, and elite theories. Robert Michels’s iron law of oligarchy posits that as individuals rise in the ranks to become organizational leaders, they begin to take on elite attributes, and the
White adipose tissue (WAT) plays an important role in the integration of whole-body metabolism by storing fat and mobilizing triacylglycerol when needed. The released free fatty acids can then be oxidized by other tissues to provide ATP. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of metabolic pathways, and can be targeted by a new generation of direct, small-molecule activators. AMPK a
Business angels are a vital source of capital for innovative start-up firms. However, many potentially attractive investment opportunities are rejected during the angel's decision-making process. Information asymmetry, risk and distrust in the relationship between the investor and the entrepreneur result in investment barriers. The concept of proximity has been proposed as a conceptual foundation
Rinodina pityrea and R. colobina are reported as two distinct species with differing ecology and morphological characters. Molecular analysis of their ITS and mrSSU genes show that R. pityrea and R. colobina are two clearly separated species. Furthermore, the two species are morphologically and geographically distinct in the Nordic countries and can usually be recognized with a hand lens rather th
