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The solution properties of dilute aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) triblock copolymers and their interaction with surfactants have been investigated using static and dynamic light scattering, combined with small angle X-ray scattering, calorimetry and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. In aqueous solution, the triblock copolyme

The events associated with axonal injury in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) have been described in detail. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regenerative response, or neuronal cell death, following axonal injury are poorly understood. This thesis concerns one such molecular mechanism, JNK-mediated c-Jun activation, in peripheral sensory and sympathetic neurons. By immunohistoche

The nature of future climate change will depend on anthropogenic emissions of CO2, as well as climate- and CO2-mediated feedbacks through carbon (C) cycling in both terrestrial ecosystems and oceans. Terrestrial ecosystems remove presently about 25% of the anthropogenic CO2 fossil-fuel and land-use change emissions, but to attribute which mechanisms cause this uptake, and the key regions where it

Rapid heat transfer methods such as jet impingement and infrared radiation can be used to speed up thermal processing in the food industry. The heating rate affects important food characteristics, such as colour. Jet impingement consists of directed jets of air with a high velocity that impinge on the food surface, which reduces the velocity boundary layer between the air and surface and gives a f

This thesis focuses on different aspects of household demand, and the determinants of demand, for water and sanitation related inputs fundamental to the households' well-being, i.e. drinking water and toilet facilities. The thesis consists of five chapters, one introductory chapter and four self-contained, essentially empirical, studies. In chapter two, Women's Health Choices and the Effects on C

Life as we know it is based on cells that use proteins and RNA to carry out metabolism, self-replication, and other essential tasks. The genes that code for these molecules are encoded in DNA, and through the processes of transcription and translation the cell expresses its genes. Some proteins are transcription factors that regulate the transcription rate of genes, so genes interact and form a ge

It has long been thought that aging is accompanied by an emotional flattening. Although a different view has started to emerge recently, studies investigating psychophysiological responses in reaction to affective stimuli so far have reported an age-related reduction of the affective response. One of the main goals of this thesis was to revisit this issue by examining subjective reports, phasic he

Goodpasture disease is a prototype autoimmune disease that is characterized by a rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, with or without lung haemorrhage, associated with autoantibodies against the glomerular basement membrane. The major antigen has previously been shown to be the non-collagenous domain of the a3 chain of type IV collagen, one of the six known a chains of type IV collagen. On aver

This study focuses on the region of Argolid in the eastern part of the Greek Peloponnese during the Roman Imperial era, taking up a variety of aspects of life there based mainly on archaeological evidence. The introduction presents the study area and the background to the study. This is followed in the next chapter by a survey of the various kinds of sites of Roman date found in the Argolid. Citie

The dynamic friction process and contact surface between tool and working material in a plastic forming process is hard to describe in mathematical form and hard to monitor and control in real time. High production speed and highly optimised forming operations result in great demands on the control equipment. Especially if the influence from variations due to the tool, work material and the fricti

A pulsed electric field (PEF) is a newly emerged non-thermal food processing technology which has characteristic effects on the cell membrane. PEF processing involves subjecting food to short, repeated pulses of a high electric field between an anode and a cathode. The main result of this process is the disruption of the cell membrane leading to the formation of either temporary or permanent pores

This study delves into the relationship between fiction and politics, aesthetic and ethical messages conveyed by the fictions of Brand (Fire), the journal of the Young Socialist Association, founded as the Social Democratic Labour Party’s first youth association. The literary and aesthetic arena allowed many different kinds of ideas and thoughts to flourish, making Brand an important cultural pape

This thesis presents results of a series of experimental studies on the spreading dynamics of small drops of complex solutions on solid surfaces. The capillary flow dynamics of complex solutions have also been investigated. In the wetting experiments, water, alcohols, aqueous surfactant solutions and commercial ink-jet inks were used as test liquids, and a number of substrates, including silicate

This thesis consists of two parts, the first dealing with the design of iron-powder synchronous machines, and the second with the analysis and prediction of the acoustic noise in electrical machines. In Part I, a 1.6 kW electrically magnetized claw-pole machine with magnetically conducting end-plates has been analyzed and a prototype tested. The machine is built from soft magnetic composite mater

In order to understand the formation and evolution of the Galaxy it is imperative to know when different components formed. This means at the most basic level that we need to know the ages of stars. The present work demonstrates the many problems inherent in determining the ages of stars through comparison with stellar evolutionary models. Furthermore, solutions to some of these problems are prese

Turbine-agitated tanks are used in chemical and biochemical applications to increase mixing which, in turn, affects the yield, productivity and product quality. The purpose of this work was to study the hydrodynamic influence on the scale-up of turbine-agitated tanks, commonly used in fermentation. Local turbulent flow parameters, the turbulent kinetic energy and the local energy dissipation rate,

The work in this thesis has been focused on chondrocyte integrins and their interaction with the matrix proteins chondroadherin (CHAD) and collagen type II (CII). Affinity purification of CHAD-binding proteins from chondrocyte lysate, followed by immunoprecipitation of EDTA-eluted material identified alpha2beta1 as a CHAD-binding integrin. Interaction between alpha2beta1 and CHAD was found to prev

This thesis introduces and summarizes four papers dealing with computer simulations of astrophysical processes involving binaries. The first part gives the rational and theoretical background to these papers. In paper I and II a statistical approach to studying eclipsing binaries is described. By using population synthesis models for binaries the probabilities for eclipses are calculated for diff

The amino acid glutamate is today regarded as the main fast excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and a large body of evidence support that glutamate serves as a neurotransmitter in primary afferent terminals in the spinal cord. Previous evidence also suggests that the closely related amino acid aspartate may serve a similar role in some primary afferent terminals. However, the