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Today’s trends are the ever growing competition with increased globalization and sustainability. Together with ongoing technological developments and the demand for right quality of products and services, this has also resulted in increased demands for legislation and traceability. This development has also had an impact on packaging and Packaging Logistics. This thesis deals with packaging, logis
NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, or complex I, is a large, complex and poorly understood bioenergetic enzyme in the respiratory chain of living organisms. The enzyme has a conserved core structure, comprising fourteen protein subunits: Seven subunits protrude from the membrane and contain a flavin prosthetic group and eight iron-sulfur clusters that guide electrons from the oxidation of NADH towards t
Continuum based elasto-plastic-damage models for paperboard have been established in this work. The thesis begins with an introductory section that describes the mechanical properties of paperboard and some of the converting processes during forming of a package. A short review of modeling concepts that have been applied to paperboard is presented and then some key aspects and assumptions develope
Many people spend hours in a workplace every week and food and drink play a central role in providing nutrition and energy and help to create breaks during the working day. However, meals are something more than the food consumed. This dissertation focuses on the meal at work, where the meal is surrounded by special circumstances when it comes to time, place and social relations, as well as the fo
The thesis proposes that understanding is a matter of experiencing a pattern. To experience a pattern involves seeing how a task, principle, or problem space is structured; to attend to the relevant information; and to be able to use that information as it relates to the knowledge domain at hand. The every day concept of understanding, which is a term used in many ways is discussed and it is explo
Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is a highly sensitive method for counting atoms and it is used for detecting very low concentrations of both radionuclides and stable isotopes in small samples. The two major advantages of the AMS method are that the required amount of sample material is very small, but also that the efficiency is rather high, it takes less than an hour to analyse a sample. The
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of protein kinases in peripheral nerve regeneration, with the use of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and nodose ganglia explants from adult mice. The effects of neurotrophic factor stimulation and protein kinase inhibition were studied for long (days) and short term (minutes) effects. The protein kinase systems studied were protein kinase C (PKC), th
The work in thesis aims for artificial photosyntesis, which could and will mimic natural photosynthesis, the process that uses light to create energy rich compounds from H2O and CO2. Water is oxidized in Photosystem II (PSII) by the Water Oxidizing Complex (WOC), which is a catalytic site on the lumenal side of the thylakoid membrane. The chlorophyll complex P680 absorbs light and electrons are tr
The intestinal epithelium has the dual function of absorbing nutrients and water as well as being a barrier to potentially harmful substances such as macromolecules and bacteria. In the present thesis the barrier function of the intestinal mucosa was studied in vitro in Ussing diffusion chambers. Intestinal permeability to different-sized molecules was investigated and compared in various intesti
This thesis describes the preparation, characterisation and properties of poly(ethylene-graft-ethylene oxide) (PE-PEO). The grafting reaction was carried out with the grafting onto method using the carboxylic acid groups of poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (PEAA) as reactive sites in an esterification reaction with poly(ethylene oxide) mono-methyl ethers (MPEO) of varying molecular weights: 750, 200
Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) is an economically important crop, and recognised as an important source of antioxidants and bioactive compounds with health promoting effects. Yet increased incidence of allergy puts a limit to the choice of food for an increasing percentage of the population. As part of this thesis a strawberry allergen termed Fra a 1 was identified, which is related to a major bi
Primary infections and vaccination stimulates the immunesystem to produce memory cells that rapidly respond to reexposure of the same antigen. These memory responses are dependent on an adaptive type of immunity that sustains the reactivity of the immune system by long-lived memory immune cells. From an evolutionary perspective adaptive immunity as such appears to be restricted to jawed vertebrate
Investigation of astrophysical plasmas, such as stellar atmospheres, require both knowledge of atomic structure and data. We present laboratory instruments, techniques and tools for acquisition of the data required to derive important atomic parameters such as, wavelengths, oscillator strengths and line profiles. In this thesis new atomic data for advancement of stellar atmosphere analysis are pre
In many radiotherapy applications, true three-dimensional dosimetry with good spatial resolution that can be achieved in a single measurement would be of great value. Polymer gel dosimetry fulfils many of the demands on such a system. In this study, methods to facilitate the implementation of gel dosimetry have been investigated. A new type of polymer gel, for which the response to absorbed dose i
To design efficient and safe biopharmaceutical production processes, understanding the process and how it is affected by changes in the process conditions is essential. Experimental data form the basis of this understanding which can be enhanced by modeling and simulations of the physical and chemical processes known to control the process. This thesis describes modeling of preparative chromatogra
Aims: · to present a test phantom and test method for evaluation of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) single volume localization techniques regarding signal contamination; · to describe the introduction of 1H-MRS in the daily routine of a standard MR-unit; · to evaluate the possibilities offered by 1H-MRS to improve preoperative diagnostic accuracy in patients scheduled for stereotac
The cells in B cell development can be divided into several subgroups or fractions, e.g. early-pro-B-, pro-B, large-pre-B-, small-pre-B-, immature and mature B cells, where the stages reflect the maturity degree of the cells. This characterization is based on the expression of intracellular markers such as the recombination activating genes 1 and 2(Rag 1 and Rag 2), the terminal deoxynucleotidyl t
Complex I or NADH:quinone oxidoreductase the largest, most complex and least understood of the five membrane-bound enzyme complexes constituting the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The enzyme is present in all types of organisms, from bacteria to mammals. The enzyme catalyses the oxidation of NADH produced by the citric acid cycle and reduction of lipid soluble quinone in the membrane. Flavin and
Clonal plants show a large variation in physiological integration, i.e. the translocation of resources among ramets within the clone. As resource transport is costly, we hypothesized that plants from poor sites should be more highly integrated than plants from rich sites and that plants would benefit if they were plastic in their degree of integration. Tracers were used to study the transport of w
Glycoproteins, a class of biomolecules, exhibit a variety of biological activities and therefore are of importance in modern biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry. Pure glycoproteins are needed for structural and functional studies. However, the separation of glycoproteins has been a problem until now due to their structural complexity. Efficient separation techniques are thus required. This
