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Odorous sensations are based on trigeminal and olfactory perceptions. Both trigeminal and olfactory stimuli generate overlapping as well as distinctive activations in the olfactory cortex including the piriform cortex. Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), an integrative center for all senses, is directly activated in the presence of olfactory stimulations. In contrast, the thalamus, a very important midbra
BACKGROUND: Very few studies have investigated whether unilateral choanal atresia is associated with permanent olfactory deficits.OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the olfactory performance of patients with unilateral choanal atresia postsurgically.METHODS: Three patients with unilateral atresia were examined in terms of olfactory performance with the Sniffin' Sticks test (odor identificatio
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) of nigrosome-1 is an emerging and clinically applicable imaging marker for parkinsonism, which can be derived from routinely performed brain MRI. The purpose of the study was to assess whether SWI can be used as a triage tool for more efficient selection of subsequent Dopamine Transporter Scan (DaTSCAN) single-photon emission computed t
Background: Acute ischemic lesions are challenging to detect by conventional computed tomography (CT). Virtual monoenergetic images may improve detection rates by increased tissue contrast. Purpose: To compare the ability to detect ischemic lesions of virtual monoenergetic with conventional images in patients with acute stroke. Material and Methods: We included consecutive patients at our center t
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The main radiological finding in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is reduced midbrain volume. Both qualitative (e.g., hummingbird sign) and quantitative (e.g., area measurements) markers have been noted. Recent studies have shown a similar reduction also in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). The purpose was to investigate the reliability and accuracy of th
We present a rare case in which a patient has gained her smell after lifelong anosmia. The patient was objectively tested and diagnosed with functional anosmia at age 13 and reported they were experiencing a new sensation of smell at age 22. Our results show an electrophysiological signal for two unimodal odorants. The patient had a retronasal score in the hyposmic range and self-reported the abil
Olfactory dysfunction is an early manifestation of Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study aimed to illustrate potential differences between PD patients and healthy controls in terms of neural activity and functional connectivity within the olfactory brain network. Twenty PD patients and twenty healthy controls were examined with olfactory fMRI and resting-state fMRI. Data analysis of olfactor
Studying olfaction with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) poses various methodological challenges. This study aimed to investigate the effects of stimulation length and repetition time (TR) on the activation pattern of 4 olfactory brain regions: the anterior and the posterior piriform cortex, the orbitofrontal cortex, and the insula. Twenty-two healthy participants with normal olfaction
BACKGROUND: Olfactory impairment is an early manifestation of Parkinson's disease (PD). Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and Magnetization Transfer (MT) are two imaging techniques that allow noninvasive detection of microstructural changes in the cerebral white matter.OBJECTIVE: To assess white matter alterations associated with olfactory impairment in PD, using a binary imaging approach with DTI an
The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of olfactory testing and presynaptic dopamine imaging in diagnosing Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian syndromes (APS); to evaluate if the combination of these two diagnostic tools can improve their diagnostic value. A prospective investigation of 24 PD patients, 16 APS patients and 15 patients with non-parkinsonian syndromes was per
OBJECTIVE: To verify if (123)I-FP-CIT, DaTSCAN(®) can differentiate early stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) as well as patients with Atypical Parkinsonian syndromes (APS) from manifest Parkinson's disease.METHODS: 128 consecutive patients were investigated with (123)I-FP-CIT SPECT during a 4-year period. All patients were diagnosed according to the established consensus criteria for diagnosis of
BackgroundMultigene expression assays for molecular subtypes and biomarkers can aid clinical management of early invasive breast cancer. Based on RNA-sequencing we aimed to develop single-sample predictor (SSP) models for conventional clinical markers, molecular intrinsic subtype and risk of recurrence (ROR).MethodsA uniformly accrued breast cancer cohort of 7743 patients with RNA-sequencing data
As retail is becoming increasingly digitised in its operation and consumer relationships, much faith is put into automation, prediction and insights drawn from consumer data to shape consumer experiences and expectations. Under the umbrella of data-collection and artificial intelligence (AI), this chapter studies the role of consumer trust in retail personalisation. We draw empirical insights from
