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In this thesis we study the critical Ginzburg-Landau action, defined on fields in the plane which are allowed to have a finite number of singularities. We show that a topological invariant, the degree, can be defined under the assumption of finite action only. The action is bounded below by a constant times the degree, and the fields which realize this lower bound satisfy a first order differentia

Artikeln undersöker det för rätten fundamentala begreppet "tiden". Utgångspunkt är president George W. Bushs krig mot krig mot terrorismen - the War on Terrorism - med exempel från invasionen och den påföljande ockupationen av Irak. Artikeln argumenterar för en eskatologisk förståelse av rätten under the War on Terrorism, något som förskjuter tidens perspektiv, och som påvisar ett undantagstillstå

A method for determining hexahydrophthalic (HHP acid) and methylhexahydrophthalic acids (MHHP acid) from human urine was developed. These acids are metabolites of the highly sensitising hexahydrophthalic anhydride and methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride. The acids were purified from urine by liquid-solid extraction and derivatised with pentafluorobenzyl bromide to the corresponding esters. These wer

Popular Abstract in Swedish Redan för 5000 år sedan i det antika Egypten användes ljus för att behandla vissa hudåkommor. Denna bortglömda kunskap återupptäcktes i början av förra seklet men fick inget riktigt genomslag. De senare årtiondenas framsteg inom kemi och fysik har återigen gjort ljusbehandling av sjukdomar högintressant. Speciellt upptäckten av lasern på 1960-talet har gjort att tillämpSince cancer continues to plague humanity there is large need for development of modalities for both diagnosis and therapy. Most of the currently available methods suffer from serious disadvantages. The treatments, e.g. ionising radiation, chemotherapy, surgery, may themselves induce malignancies or the patient may be physically impaired for a longer period of time. The work presented aims at dev

OBJECTIVE: To explore the utility of cluster analysis in defining complex dietary exposures, separately with two types of variables. DESIGN:: A modified diet history method, combining a 7-day menu book and a 168-item questionnaire, assessed dietary habits. A standardized questionnaire collected information on sociodemographics, lifestyle and health history. Anthropometric information was obtained

Att golvbeläggningar som läggs på betong som inte fått torka ut ordentligt kan skadas är känt sedan länge. Under senare år har även avgivningen av luktande kemiska ämnen från golvsystem studerats närmare. Eftersom risken för skador ökar när betongunderlaget är fuktigt har det blivit allt vanligare att man ökar betongkvaliteten för att förkorta torktiden. Det har visat sig att nedbrytningen av lim

The force-velocity relation of the rat portal vein has been studied during regular spontaneous contractions induced by elevated levels of [K-+]O AND [Ca-2+]o. No satisfactory description of the force-velocity relation was obtained by measuring shortening velocity in afterloaded isotonic contractions. Therefore the method of isotonic quick release was used, as this permits mechanical studies at spe

The near-infrared electronic spectrum of AuO1 has been re-examined in light of the new microwave data on the nu = 0 and nu = 1 vibrations of the X-2 Pi(3/2) state of AuO. The two observed bands in the spectrum, with red-degraded bandheads located at 10726 and 10665 cm(-1), have been reanalyzed. New theoretical work on AuO clarifies the electronic structure, and the bands in the infrared are now as

We demonstrate that the multiple gluon emission phase space in the dipole cascade model has a strong linear correlation with the number of gluons emitted. The number of gluons per unit available phase space at a certain resolution scale is found to be remarkably independent of the cms energy and global event properties like thrust, and even changes in the ordering variable or resolution scale. We

Word-by-word logical AND and OR operation with photon-echo processing is demonstrated for what is to our knowledge the first time. The photon-echo process can store sequences of optical data before processing. The present logical operations on 8- and 4-bit words are performed by using single-shot frequency-chirped photon echoes. Data rates of approximately 1 MHz, input energies of 1-10 nJ/bit, and

A low-noise amplifier (LNA) and mixer circuit in 0.35-mum CMOS operates at 2.1 GHz. Merging the LNA and mixer lowers the number of transistors in the signal path and thereby also the nonlinearity and power consumption. The circuit meets the specifications for a direct conversion wide-band code-division multiple access (WCDMA) receiver. Its noise figure is 3.4 dB (5 kHz to 5 MHz), the total convers

SO2 dry deposition was studied over short vegetation, in Portugal, by means of the concentration gradient method. The experimental study involved one first phase of long-term measurements carried out in a grassland and, subsequently, a second period of several 1997 intensive field campaigns performed in three places representing different climate and surface conditions. Temporal and spatial patter

Anaerobic digestion of sludge has been part of the treatment plant in Malmo for many years and several projects on optimisation of the digestion process have been undertaken in full scale as well as in pilot scale. In order to facilitate a more sustainable solution in the future for waste management,solid waste organic waste is sorted out from households for anaerobic treatment in a newly built ci

The fer gene from Bacillus subtilis has been subcloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli and the protein (Fer) purified to homogeneity. N-Terminal sequencing and mass spectrometry indicate that the initiator methionine is removed from the protein and that the molecular mass is 8732 Da consistent with that deduced from the gene sequence. Amino-acid sequence comparisons indicate that Fer is a fe