Sweden’s “establishment reform” was introduced in 2010 with the ambition to increase the labour market participation of newly arrived migrants. It was in line with other labour market policies of the centre-right Alliance government, elected in 2006, which aimed to increase work incentives particularly for groups seen as “vulnerable” in, or excluded from, the labour market.By considering the histo

BACKGROUND: Longstanding musculoskeletal pain is common in the general population and associated with frequent use of health care. Plain radiography is a common diagnostic approach in these patients despite knowledge that the use in the investigation of musculoskeletal pain is associated with low diagnostic yield, substantial costs and high radiation exposure. The aim of this study was to assess t

Previous research suggests that there is an inverted U-shape curve for energy intensity in the long-run for Western Europewith a peak in the early 20th century. This paper tests the hypothesis that the increase of German and British energy intensity was an effect from the concentration of heavy industrial production to these countries, although the consumption of a significant share of these goods

Valentinus av Alexandria var en teolog och predikant vars verksamhet under det andra århundradet fick stort genomslag. Valentinianernas evangelium – den världsbild och teologi som kan knytas till Valentinus och hans efterföljare – var intimt förknippat med fenomenet gnosticism. Men vad är egentligen gnosticism och hur hänger den ihop med kristendom? Den här boken är en introduktion till antik gnos

Employing fault tolerance often introduces a time overhead, which may cause a deadline violation in real-time systems (RTS). Therefore, for RTS it is important to optimize the fault tolerance techniques such that the probability to meet the deadlines, i.e. The Level of Confidence (LoC), is maximized. Previous studies have focused on evaluating the LoC for equidistant checkpointing. However, no stu

The language of newspapers in the public sphere has a crucial impact on how the public perceives and participates in society. It can serve to encourage or counteract active and informed citizens; in fact, it is a crucial element in democratisation processes. The purposes of the present study are to elucidate what means of persuasion are used to support theses on politics in newspaper discours

Objective To examine trends in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as an underlying cause of death (UCD) in 31 countries across the globe during 1987-2011. Methods Data on mortality and population were collected from the World Health Organization mortality database and the United Nations. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) were calculated by means of direct standardization. We applied joinpoint regress

The family of galectin proteins involved in adhesion, growth regulation, immunity, and inflammatory events are important targets for development of small molecule antagonists. Here, N-sulfonyl amidine galactopyranoside derivatives obtained via a multicomponent reaction between galactose alkyne derivatives, sulfonyl azides, and amines were evaluated as antagonists of galectin-1,-2,-3,-4N (N-termina

Energy-intensive processing industries like the concrete industry form the base of the economy and account for a large part of global greenhouse gas emissions. Sectoral transformation to cleaner basic materials is therefore crucial, and institutional pressure to do so is increasing. However, socio-technical studies have not sufficiently addressed these sectors. This paper therefore sets out to ana

'If you read only one book on the English language-read this one. English - One Tongue, Many Voices covers all aspects of the English language: its global spread, international and local varieties, history from obscurity to primacy, usage and uses, standards and creoles, style and change in progress, politics and controversy. The scope of the book is vast, its depth impressive, and its balance adm

Background: Protein kinase C o (PKCo) is known to be an important regulator of apoptosis, having mainly pro-but also anti-Apoptotic effects depending on context. In a previous study, we found that PKCo interacts with the pro-Apoptotic protein Smac. Smac facilitates apoptosis by suppressing inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). We previously established that the PKCo-Smac complex dissociates duri

Optical imaging with microarcsecond resolution will reveal details across and outside stellar surfaces but requires kilometer-scale interferometers, challenging to realize either on the ground or in space. Intensity interferometry, electronically connecting independent telescopes, has a noise budget that relates to the electronic time resolution, circumventing issues of atmospheric turbulence. Ext

This thesis contains four independent research papers, which investigate the causal relations between several aspects of health and economic outcomes at different stages of the life course. The first paper investigates the causal effects of maternal deprivation and maltreatment during various periods of childhood on adolescent health and human capital. Using hospital data and information onninth y

Sexual conflict and its evolutionary consequences are understudied in plants, but the theory of sexual conflict may help explain how selection generates and maintains variability. Here, we investigated selection on pollen and pistil traits when pollen arrives sequentially to partially receptive pistils in relation to pollen competition and a sexual conflict over timing of stigma receptivity in the

The TIMESAT software package has been developed to enable monitoring of dynamic land surface processes using remotely sensed data. The monitoring capability is based on processing of time-series for each image pixel using either of three smoothing methods included in TIMESAT: asymmetric Gaussian fits, doublelogistic fits, and Savitzky-Golay filtering. The methods have different properties and are

There is (or should be) an archived specimen, a reference copy if you like, for all living and fossil species that have been described scientifically. These physical specimens, so-called name-bearing type specimens, are housed at museums or academic institutes around the world for researchers to study and perhaps compare with their own material. But what about our own species, Homo sapiens?.