Filtyp
Soil degradation is one of the most serious environmental problems in the highlands of Ethiopia. The prevalence of traditional agricultural land use and the absence of appropriate resource management often result in the degradation of natural soil fertility. This has important implications for soil productivity, household food security, and poverty. Given the extreme vulnerability of farmers in th
Energy service companies (ESCOs) are often portrayed as important change agents in capturing energy efficiency opportunities to curb global energy demand and mitigate climate change. Yet, the literature in this area is limited. While many studies analyze economic and environmental impacts from energy efficiency programs, far less attention has been devoted to evaluating managerial and other challe
Abdominal sepsis is associated with changes in systemic inflammation response and coagulation homeostasis. Excessive neutrophil activation is a key regulator in both pro-inflammatory immune response and septic lung injury. Neutrophil-derived DNA may form extracellular traps in response to invading pathogens. To examine the role of neutrophil extracellular traps for septic lung injury and systemic
Using the REX-ISOLDE facility at CERN the Coulomb excitation cross sections for the 0(gs)(+)-> 2(1)(+) transition in the beta-unstable isotopes Cd-100,Cd-102,Cd-104 have been measured for the first time. Two different targets were used, which allows for the first extraction of the static electric quadrupole moments Q(2(1)(+)) in Cd-102,Cd-104. In addition to the B(E2) values in Cd-102,Cd-104, a fi
The overall aim of this thesis was to develop and evaluate a specific instrument, measuring both mothers’ and fathers’ postnatal sense of security during the first postnatal week, and to explore and describe important factors associated with this. Data was collected from 2003 to 2009. The thesis has a methodological (Paper I), an evaluative (Paper II) and an explorative and descriptive design (P
Lifestyle interventions affect patients' risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MeSy), a pre-stage to cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and related complications. An effective lifestyle intervention is the Swedish Björknäs intervention, a 3-year randomized controlled trial in primary care for MeSy patients. To include future disease-related cost and health consequences in a cost-effectiveness analys
Population-based studies on the epidemiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are sparse. The aim of the present study was to investigate prevalence and temporal trends in the incidence of PSC 1992-2005 in an adult population in Vastra Gotaland, a region in southern Sweden with a defined population of about 1.5 million. Patients with PSC aged 18 years or above were identified through a comp
Mossbauer spectroscopy is an indispensable spectroscopic technique and analytical tool in iron coordination chemistry. The linear correlation between the electron density at the nucleus ("contact density'') and experimental isomer shifts has been used to link calculated contact densities to experimental isomer shifts. Here we have investigated relativistic methods of systematically increasing soph
Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of many neurological disorders has been greatly enhanced by the discovery of mutations in genes linked to familial forms of these diseases. These have facilitated the generation of cell and animal models that can be used to understand the underlying molecular pathology. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the use of patient-derived cells, d
Umbilical cord blood acid-base status at birth gives an objective evaluation of the fetal exposure and response to hypoxia during labor. The objective of this thesis was to elucidate methodological issues associated with interpretation of cord blood gases. DELAYED CORD BLOOD SAMPLING (Paper I): arterial and venous pH and bicarbonate decreased, and pCO2, base deficit (BD), and lactate increased sig
Transcriptional profiling of epithelial ovarian cancer has revealed molecular subtypes correlating to biological and clinical features. We aimed to determine gene expression differences between malignant, benign and borderline serous ovarian tumors, and investigate similarities with the well-established intrinsic molecular subtypes of breast cancer.
Background: In animal studies, perfluorinated alkyl substances affect growth and neuro-behavioural outcomes. Human epidemiological studies are sparse. The aim was to investigate the association between pregnancy serum concentrations of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and offspring behaviour and motor development at 5-9 years of age. Methods: Maternal sera from the IN
Radionuclides from the Chernobyl accident were released and dispersed during a limited period of time, but under different weather conditions. As a result the radionuclides were unevenly distributed on the ground. During the years the initial deposition has been altered at some locations by different processes, but remains relatively unchanged in others. Here we report on the current inhomogeneous
Nominally Anhydrous Minerals (NAM) in the Earth's mantle contain trace amounts of hydrogen, as a result of the NAM's ability to incorporate hydroxyl ions. The isotopic composition of these hydrogen reservoirs is for the Earth's crust, well characterized. The knowledge of the isotopic composition of the Earth's interior on the other hand is limited. It is believed that the hydrogen composition in t
Vigabatrin is an antiepileptic drug that is known to cause visual field defects and retinal dysfunction measured by full-field electroretinography (ff-ERG). Underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. The aims of this thesis were to investigate parameters of vigabatrin treatment; reversibility of visual dysfunction, prevalence of retinal dysfunction in children, role of drug-dose and evalu
The 2nd generation bioethanol will be produced from lignocellulose biomass including agricultural residues such as bagasse, straw, and stover, forest products residues and dedicated energy crops. The bioconversion of lignocellulose raw materials to ethanol requires microorganisms that are able (i) to ferment both hexose and pentose sugars present in lignocellulose and (ii) to tolerate and to remai
