Adaptation to low oxygen conditions is essential for maintaining homeostasis and viability in oxygen-consuming multi-cellular tissues, including solid tumors. Central in these processes are the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors, HIF-1 and HIF-2, controlling genes involved in e.g. glucose metabolism and neovascularization. Tumor hypoxia and HIF expression have also been associated with a dedi

The sequence (16,829 nt) of the complete mitochondrial genome of the greater Indian rhinoceros, Rhinoceros unicornis, was determined. Like other perissodactyls studied (horse and donkey) the rhinoceros demonstrates length variation (heteroplasmy) associated with different numbers of repetitive motifs in the control region. The 16,829-nt variety of the molecule includes 36 identical control region

OBJECTIVE: To study the pharmacodynamics of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid against different strains of Haemophilus influenzae in an in vitro kinetic model. The concentrations used corresponded to human serum levels obtained after 875 mg amoxicillin/clavulanic acid given b.i.d., 500/125 mg amoxicillin/clavulanic acid given t.i.d. and those obtained with a pharmacokinetically enhanced formulation cont

Dermatan sulfate (DS) expression in normal tissue and ovarian cancer was investigated using the novel, phage display-derived antibody GD3A12 that was selected against embryonic glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Antibody GD3A12 was especially reactive with DS rich in IdoA-GalNAc4S disaccharide units. IdoA residues are important for antibody recognition as DS polymers with low numbers of IdoA residues were

The influence of total hepatectomy on cerebral energy state, ammonia-related amino acids of the brain tissue and plasma amino acids was studied in anaesthetized rats after total hepatectomy. The hepatectomy was performed with the aid of a microsurgical three-stage procedure. In the first stage, division of the inferior vena cava was performed. In the second stage 4 weeks later a porta-caval anasto

The evidence concerning the possible association between physical activity and the risk of prostate cancer is inconsistent and additional data are needed. We examined the association between risk of prostate cancer and physical activity at work and in leisure time in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. In our study, including 127,923 men aged 20-97 years

The first, to our knowledge, in-vivo broadband spectro-scopic characterization of breast tissue using different interfiber distances as well as transmittance measurements is presented. Absorption and scattering properties are measured on six healthy subjects, using time-resolved diffuse spectroscopy and an inverse model based on the diffusion equation. Waveiength-tunable picosecond-pulse-lasers an

Photosynthesis produces the oxygen necessary for all aerobic life. During this process, the manganese-containing oxygen evolving complex (OEC) in photosystem II (PSII), cycles through five oxidation states, S0-S4. One of these, S2, is known to be paramagnetic and gives rise to electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals used to probe the catalytic structure and function of the OEC. The S0 state

1. We performed both a large- and a small-scale echo sounding study on the spatial and temporal distribution of fish (mainly roach, Rutilus rutilus and perch, Perca fluviatlis), as well as a small-scale study of zooplankton distribution in the small, shallow and eutrophic Lake Hanebjerg in Denmark. In the small-scale study, sampling was conducted in open water as well as in the edge zone immediate

OBJECTIVE: This paper reports on birth weight, body length, body mass index, and cranial circumference at birth of infants with cleft lip and/or palate born between 1973 and 1992. METHODS: Data were obtained from two nationwide Swedish health registries. Infants with syndromes, twins, and infants with immigrant parentage were excluded from the study. Comparisons were made with all singleton births

Timing of cirque formation and the climate necessary to initiate glaciation are fundamental to the understanding of the landscape of the northern Scandinavian mountains. Empty cirques in the Rassepautasjtjakka massif are located near a glaciated area and thus appear near the glaciation limit. In order to investigate the climate conditions necessary for glacier formation in the cirques, we applied

This paper presents a first study of the masses and decay constants of the charged, or flavor-off-diagonal, pseudoscalar mesons to two loops for two flavors of sea-quarks, in Partially Quenched Chiral Perturbation Theory (PQ chi PT). Explicit analytical expressions up to O(p(6)) in the momentum expansion are given. The calculations have been performed within the supersymmetric formulation of PQ ch

Background: Angiogenic growth factors and stem cell therapies have demonstrated varying results in patients with chronic coronary artery disease. A reason could be that these mechanisms are already up-regulated due to reduced blood supply to the myocardium. The objective of this study was to examine if plasma concentrations of circulating stem cells and angiogenic cytokines in patients with severe

A systematic study is carried out on the angular distribution and polarization of photons emitted following radiative-recombination of bare and He-like ions of Ne, Ar, Ni and Mo with a unidirectional electron beam. In order to incorporate the screening effect due to inner-shell electrons, a distorted wave method is used. Scaling rules for polarization of the photon following radiative recombinatio

The impact of the packaging system on logistics processes along the supply chain is often implicitly and fragmentally recognized. In order to increase understanding of the impact of packaging on logistics, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the interactions between the packaging system and logistics processes in the retail supply chain. Four case studies involving Swedish and Dutch re

We examined the effects of the immunophilin ligands and calcineurin inhibitors FK506 and cyclosporin A on the survival of rat embryonic dopamine (tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive) neurons. The protective effects of FK506 and cyclosporin A were first studied in dissociated mesencephalic cell cultures subjected to serum deprivation. Significant increases in both the total number of surviving

X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is an immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the gene coding for Bruton's agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase (BTK). A database (BTKbase) of BTK mutations has been compiled and the recent update lists 225 entries from 189 unrelated families showing 148 unique molecular events. Each patient is given a unique patient identity number (PIN). Information is included re

Magnetically trapped atoms in Bose-Einstein condensates are spin polarized. Since the magnetic field is inhomogeneous, the atoms acquire Berry phases of the Aharonov-Bohm type during adiabatic motion. In the presence of an electric field, there is an additional Aharonov-Casher effect. Taking into account the limitations on the strength of the electric fields due to the polarizability of the atoms,