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This study investigates the combustion and emission characteristics of a two-stroke, direct-injection ammonia/diesel dual-fuel compression-ignition engine under low-load conditions relevant to large marine engines. Although ammonia is carbon-free and can reduce direct CO2 emissions, its low reactivity, strong evaporation cooling, and nitrogen chemistry may cause incomplete combustion, NH3 slip, an
Spartina alterniflora is a highly invasive plant that has extensively colonized Chinese coastal wetlands, degrading critical habitat for migratory waterbirds. In response, the Chinese government launched the Special Action Plan for Spartina alterniflora Prevention and Control (2022–2025), aiming to remove over 90% of the invaded area nationwide. This study quantitatively assessed the effectiveness
This thesis presents a complete digital back-end implementation of a PN-dither least-mean-squares (LMS) background calibration scheme for a 12-bit, 500 MS/s pipeline analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The target converter, designed by a parallel analog project, comprises four 3-bit stages and a 4-bit final flash stage; its actual inter-stage gains depart substantially from their nominal values, re
The following thesis engages critically with the incorporation of a parallel digital platform alongside REKO Åland, a self-organized alternative food network operating primarily through Facebook, and how such addition of digital infrastructure reconfigures the network’s organizational boundaries. REKO’s grassroot coordination is constituted through direct producer–consumer exchange of local food,
This thesis examines the extent to which relational preconditions for innovation are institutionalised within the governance framework of the third pillar of Horizon Europe. Departing from the observation that existing research on EU innovation governance has focused predominantly on funding mechanisms and regulatory instruments, the study addresses a conceptual gap: while innovation theory consis
In December 2025, the European Council approved a €90 bn loan to cover Ukraine’s financing needs for 2026–2027, backed by the EU budget headroom. This marked a pragmatic turn after the initial proposal to leverage €210 bn in immobilised assets from the Central Bank of Russia for a Reparations Loan encountered insurmountable resistance. Belgium, as host to most of the assets, demanded unlimited gua
The topic of Nord Stream 2 was a centrepiece of many discussions about reliance on Russia despite its dubious actions against Ukraine since 2014. The decision to construct the pipeline in 2015 and continue it despite many objections from both inside and outside of the European Union in the following years only fed the discourse. This thesis asks the following Research Question: To what extent can
This thesis examines how the Nordic Council constructs and employs narrative within its implementation of Agenda 2030 as a means of strengthening its ontological security and collective sense of self. This approach implies that security is not only a product of material protection rather also a product of interpretive coherence. The Agenda 2030 is treated as a tool that frames complex policy quest
This thesis analyses and evaluates youth participation within the EU and to what extent, and under what conditions the EU´s youth participation mechanisms provide young citizens with efficient tools for political influence. To research the link between the mechanisms aimed at their effectiveness, this thesis uses a deliberative democracy framework as well as three dimensions based on Archon Fung´s
This thesis is about how the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has propelled competence creep forward in the European Union by consistently applying a broad interpretation of EU law to social policy court rulings. To derive these results, 180 social policy cases were analyzed and coded using systematic content analysis, transforming qualitative data into quantifiable data. The analysis
Sweden joined the EU defence framework Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) upon its inception at the end of 2017. With its tradition of scepticism towards EU defence integration and history of non-alignment this was a significant step for Sweden. This thesis will follow earlier analyses of the EUs defence cooperation and tests Sweden’s membership against the theory of Liberal Intergovernmenta
Switzerland operates one of the strictest regimes regulating posted work in Europe, going beyond what EU law requires in several aspects. Based on Switzerland's interpretation of the Posted Work Directive, it introduced the so-called Flanking Measures, which regulates posted work in Switzerland, and despite posing burdensome administrative costs, limited market access, and potentially high fin
The notion that a unified EU is a more effective Union is a prominent, but contested assumption within the field of EU external action. But how relevant is the EU’s unity for the attainment of its foreign policy objectives? For issues of political salience, such as migration, EU unity carries particular relevance. This thesis asks: to what extent does the European Union’s level of cohesiveness aff
Since the introduction of temporary internal border controls in the Öresund region the threats to public policy and internal security have had many faces. Threats moved from being placed under the climate security sector, to the social sector and most notably, the military sector. The Swedish and Danish governments have continuously securitized threats ranging from the Covid-19 pandemic, to terror
Over the last few decades, changes have been observed in the Swedish defence and security identity. While countless studies have examined the reason behind this transformation, identifying factors such as external shocks, ontological security and role theory, the normative dimension of this development has received less attention. This thesis therefore examines whether the Swedish defence and secu
The EU's Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), a crisis response of 673 billion euro to the Covid-19 pandemic, made it possible to reward reforms in Member States for the first time. This thesis investigates whether the RRF can promote structural reforms, in line with the Eu-ropean Semester's Country Specific Recommendations (CSRs), using a principal-agent framework to theorise the RRF’s
European agriculture is shaped by technical debates whose implications are deeply political. When the European Commission decides on the safety of an agricultural technique, it is settling a scientific question whilst also making a political choice: which knowledge matters, which risks deserve attention, and which futures are worth investing in. This thesis analyses the evolution of the European C
This thesis investigates the role of EU accession in shaping the mobilisation strategies of anti-gender civil society actors in Croatia. Drawing on social movement theory, Europeanisation, and multi-level governance, it develops a causal mechanism whereby EU accession reconfigured anti-gender actors’ political opportunity structures in ways that contributed to a combination of EU-critical framing
This thesis explores how Brussels-based EU-affairs media discursively construct and contest sustainability conditionality and enforcement in reporting on the EU–Mercosur Association Agreement (EUMAA). It situates these mechanisms within the EU’s broader use of trade agreements to pursue non-trade policy objectives related to EU values and standards. Drawing on postcolonial and decolonial theory, i
This thesis analyzes speeches given by US state legislators when debating paid parental leave legislation. In the 2019 legislative session Colorado and Nebraska both proposed paid parental leave legislation, although only Colorado was able to pass the legislation. Using Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis and three-dimensional analysis alongside framing theory, this research identifies the fr
