Alcohol consumption may be associated with risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), but the epidemiological evidence for an association with specific anatomical subsites, types of alcoholic beverages and current vs. lifetime alcohol intake is inconsistent. Within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), 478,732 study subjects free of cancer at enrolment between 1992 and 200

In “Weighing Lives” (2004) John Broome criticizes a view common to many population axiologists. This is the view that population increases with extra people leading decent lives are axiologically neutral: they make the world neither better nor worse, ceteris paribus. Broome argues that this intuition, however, attractive, cannot be sustained, for several independent reasons. I respond to his criti

This study explored the role of secreted fibroblast-derived factors in prostate cancer growth. Analyses of matched normal and tumor tissue revealed up-regulation of CXCL14 in cancer-associated fibroblasts of a majority of prostate cancer. Fibroblasts overexpressing CXCL14 promoted the growth of prostate cancer xenografts, and increased tumor angiogenesis and macrophage infiltration. Mechanistic st

Two oligomeric malonate esteramides and an oligomeric malonate ester were synthesized with the intention to plasticize poly(lactic acid), PLA. The synthesis was performed by reacting diethyl bishydroxymethyl malonate (DBM) with adipoyl dichloride and one of two diamines, that is, triethylene glycol diamine (TA) and polyoxypropylene glycol diamine (PA), or triethylene glycol (TEG), giving three pla

Studies of how organisms are adapted to regional climatic conditions are valuable when predicting the effects of global climatic changes on biota. Here we report on the geographical variation in timing of breeding and moult of an Arctic breeding wader, the dunlin (Calidris alpina). The Palearctic study sites range latitudinally between 68 and 76 degreesN and longitudinally between 46 and 179 degre

We compare free energy calculations for the methyl transfer reaction catalyzed by catechol O-methyltransferase using the quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical free energy method with implicit and explicit solvents. An analogous methylation reaction in a solution is also studied. For the explicit solvent model, we use the three-point transferable intermolecular potential model, and for the implic

1(2)-Aryl-5-methylsulfonyltetrazoles react with ethylene glycol, di- and triethylene glycols, and tris(2-hydroxyethyl)amine in acetonitrile in the presence of sodium hydroxide to give tetrazole-containing ethers. The products can be used as polydentate ligands for biomimetic studies.

Large and small interstitial proteoglycans were purified from different bovine tissues, i.e. cartilage, sclera, tendon, aorta, cornea, and bone. The structure of the molecules was compared using the glycerol spraying/rotary shadowing technique for electron microscopy. Large proteoglycans from sclera and tendon have a core protein with a domain structure similar to that previously reported for cart

KIT is a tyrosine kinase receptor expressed by several tumours, which has for specific ligand the stem cell factor (SCF). KIT is the main oncogene in gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs), and gain-of-function KIT mutations are present in 70% of these tumours. The aim of the study was to measure and investigate the mechanisms of KIT activation in 80 KIT-positive GIST patients. KIT activation wa

This study describes the evaluation and characterization of a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) consisting of a nonionic surfactant (Cremophor RH40), a mixture of long chain mono-, di-, and triacylglycerides (Maisine 35-1 and Sesame oil) and ethanol. Compositions containing 10% (w/w) ethanol, 40%-60% (w/w) lipid content, and 30%-50% (w/w) Cremophor RH40 were identified as pharmace

Sediment sequences retrieved from Lake Medvedevskoye (60degrees13'N 29degrees54'E) and Lake Pastorskoye (60degrees13'N, 30degrees02'E). Karelian Isthmus, northwestern Russia, were analysed for lithology, pollen and diatom stratigraphy, total organic carbon content and mineral magnetic parameters. Age control for both sequences was provided by AMS C-14 measurements and the Vedde Ash tephra. The rec

The Moraxella catarrhalis IgD-binding protein (MID) has a unique specificity for human IgD, and the sequence with maximal IgD binding is located within the amino acids MID962-1200. In the present paper, we examined the MID binding site on IgD using a series of recombinant Ig. Full-length IgD, IgD F(ab')(2), and an IgD F(ab') C290R mutant lacking the inter-heavy-chain cysteine 290 were manufactured

The circadian variation of pheromone production in the turnip moth, Agrotis segetum, was characterized by quantifying (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7-12:OAc), the most abundant pheromone component produced by female turnip moth, at different times of day. Under 17:7 h light-dark cycle (LD), the peak of Z7-12:OAc production occurred around 4 h into the scotophase, while there was very little pheromone

The structural effect on the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited-state lifetime has been investigated in bis-tridentate Ru(II)-polypyridyl complexes based on the terpyridine-like ligands [6-(2,2'-bipyridyl)](2-pyridyl)methane (1) and 2-[6-(2,2'-bipyridyl)]-2-(2-pyridyl)propane (2). A homoleptic ([Ru(2)(2)](2+)) and a heteroleptic complex ([Ru(ttpy)(2)](2+)) based on the new ligand 2 hav

In this paper, we analyze the experiences gained from tradable green certificate (TGC) schemes and extract some policy lessons that can lead to a successful design of a market-based approach for energy efficiency improvement, alias tradable white certificate schemes. We use tradable green certificate schemes existing in the Netherlands and Sweden as case studies. Departing from an assessment of bo

Objective: To compare two models of learning the pelvic examination (PE) for medical students, with professional patients (PP) or with clinical patients (CP), by measuring perceived distress and learning outcome in terms of skills. Methods: Prospective longitudinal study. Assessments of self-perceived distress on four occasions at the prospect of performing a PE. Evaluation of the learning session