Vacuum carbonization of organic precursors usually causes considerable structural damage and collapse of morphological features. However, for a polymer with intrinsic microporosity (PIM-EA-TB with a Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) surface area of 1027 m2g–1), it is shown here that the rigidity of the molecular backbone is retained even during 500 °C vacuum carbonization, yielding a novel type of micro

Low cost andin situfluoride detection by non-experts is importantfor the determination of drinking water safety in developing countries.Colour reagents can provide results quickly without expensiveequipment, but colorimetric fluoride indicators are often non-specific, complex to use or do not work in water. Here we showthat azulene–boronate indicators respond selectively to fluoride atconcentratio

Deep eutectic solvents have shown the ability to promote the self-assembly of surfactants in solution. However, some differences have been found compared with self-assembly in pure water and other polar organic solvents. The behaviour of alkyltrimethylammonium bromides in choline chloride:glycerol deep eutectic solvent has been studied by means of surface tension, X-ray and neutron reflectivity an

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have recently been postulated as possible environments where protein structure may be preserved in the absence of water. Here we present our results towards understanding protein conformation in choline chloride-based DES and mixtures with water. Lysozyme and bovine serum albumin have been investigated by means of circular dichroism and small-angle neutron scattering.

Finnish samples have been extensively utilized in studying single-gene disorders, where the founder effect has clearly aided in discovery, and more recently in genome-wide association studies of complex traits, where the founder effect has had less obvious impacts. As the field starts to explore rare variants' contribution to polygenic traits, it is of great importance to characterize and confirm

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) is a master transcriptional regulator of adipocyte differentiation and a canonical target of antidiabetic thiazolidinedione medications. In rare families, loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in PPARG are known to cosegregate with lipodystrophy and insulin resistance; in the general population, the common P12A variant is associated with a decrea

Identification of sequence variants robustly associated with predisposition to diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has the potential to provide insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of DKD in type 2 diabetes (T2D) using eight complementary dichotomous and quantitative DKD phenotypes: the principal dichotomous analysis involved 5,

Incorporating both ecosystem services and disservices into land-use decisions is essential for meeting conservation and livelihood goals. We discuss the merits and challenges of this concept, termed net effects, for birds in agroecosystems. Although birds have widely documented impacts on agriculture (e.g., pest control, crop damage), the net effects of such activities are rarely quantified. This

A search for vectorlike quarks is presented, which targets their decay into a Z boson and a third-generation Standard Model quark. In the case of a vectorlike quark T (B) with charge +2/3e (-1/3e), the decay searched for is T→Zt (B→Zb). Data for this analysis were taken during 2015 and 2016 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb-1

With the ever-growing traffic demands, the transportation networks are getting more and more congested. While expanding these networks with more roads is both costly and in many cities not even feasible, the rapid development of new sensing and communication techniques has made it possible to perform control of transportation networks in real-time. With the right usage of such technologies, existi

Ion exchange membranes with high ionic contents typically suffer from excessive water uptake and dilution effects which compromise both mechanical properties and ion conductivity. In the present work we develop and compare partial quaternization, copolymerization and crosslinking as three different synthetic strategies to balance the ion exchange capacity (IEC), water uptake and hydroxide conducti

Micellisation of surfactants in deep eutectic solvents has been recently demonstrated to provide a controllable way to modify micelle morphology. Ion-pair interactions between the solvent and the surfactant headgroup were identified as affecting the micellisation by modifying the charge density of the micelle. Here we explore the micellisation of dodecylsulfate surfactants with different counterio

I mitt forskningsprojekt har jag studerat generna i ’the major histocompatibility complex’ (MHC). Generna i detta komplex kodar för molekyler som uttrycks på cellytan och dessa molekyler är avgörande för immunförsvarets förmåga att upptäcka och bekämpa patogener (sjukdomsalstrande mikroorganismer, som virus, bakterier och parasiter). Det övergripande syftet i min forskning har varit att undersöka Sex differences in immune responses have been observed across a wide range of animal species, with the generaltendency that males have weaker immune responses than females. These differences are at least partly caused by immune-regulating effects of sex hormones, and have been associated with an increased prevalence of autoimmune disorders in females and with a general tendency for males to be par

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic disease, causing joint pain and reduced physical function. OA progresses slowly over a period of several years; to avoid an exacerbation of symptoms, it is critical to able to diagnose the disease as early as possible. The identification of disease-specific biomarkers may enable such an early diagnosis. The aim of this study was to investigate potential biom