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Aims Preliminary data from randomized trials with metabolic outcomes have shown that treatment with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) could be associated with a reduced incidence of major cardiovascular events (MACE). The present meta-analysis is aimed at verifying this protective effect, collecting all available data from randomized trials. Methods A comprehensive search for published and
Parasite-mediated selection may contribute to the maintenance of genetic variation at host immune genes over long time scales. To date, the best evidence for the long-term maintenance of immunogenetic variation in natural populations comes from studies on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, whereas evidence for such processes from other immune genes remains scarce. In the present stu
Objective To investigate whether an adjuvanted pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza vaccine in pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of fetal death. Design Nationwide register based cohort study. Setting Denmark. Participants All clinically recognised singleton pregnancies that ended between November 2009 and September 2010. Individual level data on exposure to an inactivated AS03 pandemic A/H
Abstract in Undetermined While women today often face a substantial wage penalty for childbearing, we show that this was not always the case, making use of a rich material of matched employer-employee data covering the Swedish tobacco industry in 1898 in its entirety. Although working conditions were dire, and hours long, women working in the late nineteenth-century manufacturing industry faced noWhile women today often face a substantial wage penalty for childbearing, we show that this was not always the case, making use of a rich material of matched employer-employee data covering the Swedish tobacco industry in 1898 in its entirety. Although working conditions were dire, and hours long, women working in the late nineteenth-century manufacturing industry faced no motherhood penalty. Comp
A search for new phenomena in final states with four or more leptons (electrons or muons) is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb(-1) of root s = 7TeV proton-proton collisions delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in two signal regions: one that requires moderate values of missing transverse m
Aim The controls of gross radiation use efficiency (RUE), the ratio between gross primary productivity (GPP) and the radiation intercepted by terrestrial vegetation, and its spatial and temporal variation are not yet fully understood. Our objectives were to analyse and synthesize the spatial variability of GPP and the spatial and temporal variability of RUE and its climatic controls for a wide ran
The association of glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) with the risk of type 2 diabetes remains unclear. We investigated associations of dietary GI, GL, and digestible carbohydrate with incident type 2 diabetes. We performed a case-cohort study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Study, including a random subcohort (n = 16,835) and incident type 2
Inhibitors for galectin-1 and -3 were synthesized from thiodigalactoside and lactosamine by derivatization of the galactose C3. Introduction of 4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl substituents at the thiodigalactoside C3 by CuAAC, targeting arginine-arene interactions, increased the affinity to 13 nM but yielded little selectivity. The builder 4-(4-phenoxypheny1)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl substituent, howe
Body fatness has been associated with increased risk of a number of hormone-dependent cancers. Recent studies suggest that body mass index (BMI) may be related to meningiomas, which are more common in women than men, and for which estrogens are believed to play a role. Using data from a large European propective cohort, 203 incident cases of meningioma and 340 cases of glioma were included in the
Objective-The immunoinflammatory response plays a critical role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Recent studies suggested an important role for regulatory T (Treg) cells in the inhibition of disease-related vascular inflammation. We hypothesized that induction of a specific Treg cell response to atherosclerosis-relevant antigens would be an attractive strategy to limit the de
Abstract in UndeterminedThe expected duration of initial antiparkinson monotherapy before the need for supplementation is not clearly defined for routine practice. The aim of this study was to define the length of L-dopa (L-3, 4-dihydrophenylalanine) and dopamine agonist monotherapy. The duration of monotherapy and discontinuation rates were investigated in a natural observational setting by plott
The purpose of the INTIMATE project is to integrate palaeo-climate information from terrestrial, ice and marine records so that the timing of environmental response to climate forcing can be compared in both space and time. One of the key difficulties in doing this is the range of different methods of dating that can be used across different disciplines. For this reason, one of the main outputs of
To assess the performance of one-view digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in breast cancer screening.
Insulin is secreted from the pancreatic β-cells in response to elevated glucose. In intact islets the capacity for insulin release is determined by a complex interplay between different cell types. This has made it difficult to specifically assess the role of β-cell defects to the insulin secretory impairment in type 2 diabetes. Here we describe a new approach, based on optogenetics, that enables
Future production of hydrogen must be sustainable. To obtain it, renewable resources have to be employed for its production. Fermentation of biomasses could be a viable way. The process evaluated is a two-step fermentation to produce hydrogen from biomass. Process options with barley straws, PSP, and thick juice as feedstocks have been compared on the basis of process balances. Aspen Plus has been
Objectives: To test the utility of the World Health Organization (WHO) and International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS) criteria for lupus nephritis (LN) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the American College of Rheumatology renal response criteria (ACR-RRC) for renal follow-up in an observational cohort. Method: All 52 biopsy-verified cases of LN during 19 years w
Objective: Proton-pump inhibitors, such as omeprazole, are widely used in the prevention and treatment of gastroesophageal diseases. However, an association between proton-pump inhibitors and the increased risk of bone fractures has been observed, especially in patients treated for extended periods. Conversely, 2-oxoglutarate, a precursor of hydroxyproline, the most abundant amino acid in bone col
Various mechanisms have hitherto been suggested to explain the formation of the Kundan (Middle Ordovician) Osmussaar Breccia in northwestern Estonia. Following the recent discovery of L-chondritic chromite in these peculiar, sand-penetrated strata, it seems plausible that the breccia is impact-related. Herein, the conodont faunas of three thin limestone intervals overlying the breccia at Osmussaar
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The increased all-cause mortality in patients with chronic diabetic foot ulcers cannot fully be explained by traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The significance of heart-rate-corrected QT (QTc) prolongation, a finding often seen in these patients, is unknown. Recently, the importance of metabolic control and hypoglycaemia has been discussed. The aim of this study was to eval
