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Tyrosinases belong to the type-III copper enzyme family, which is involved in melanin production in a wide range of organisms. Despite similar overall characteristics and functions, their structures, activities, substrate specificities and regulation vary. The tyrosinase from the bacterium Verrucomicrobium spinosum (vsTyr) is produced as a pre-pro-enzyme in which a C-terminal extension serves as a

For centuries, teaching classical instruments has exclusively relied on one-to-one tuition also when teaching young children. While this form of teaching has dominated Swedish Art and Music Schools (SAMS), lately there has been an increasing political, economic, and educational interest in group tuition. SAMS are publicly funded by the municipalities to be affordable also for children whose parent

Coprophobia considers faecal sludge (FS) as an unpleasing raw or partially digested faecal waste with no recycling value. However, this so-called waste is claimed to have tremendous recycling values after being pyrolyzed. This study hypothesised that char briquettes made from FS might have the potential of replacing charcoal consumption in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Quantitative methods were used to

Neurons with internal memory have been proposed for biological and bio-inspired neural networks, adding important functionality. We introduce an internal time-limited charge-based memory into a III-V nanowire (NW) based optoelectronic neural node circuit designed for handling optical signals in a neural network. The new circuit can receive inhibiting and exciting light signals, store them, perform

Purpose To present the outcome of the interrupted iontophoresis-assisted treatment arm in an ongoing randomised clinical trial (NCT04427956). Methods A randomised clinical study of corneal cross-linking (CXL) using continuous UV-A irradiation at a rate of 9 mW/cm 2 and three different types of riboflavin and riboflavin delivery mode: (1) iso-osmolar dextran-based riboflavin (epithelium-off), (2) h

Aerobic ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) initiate synthesis of DNA building blocks by generating a free radical within the R2 subunit; the radical is subsequently shuttled to the catalytic R1 subunit through proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET). We present a high-resolution room temperature structure of the class Ie R2 protein radical captured by x-ray free electron laser serial femtosecond cry

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) before and 1 year after radical cystectomy in relation to age and gender. METHODS: This prospective study involves 112 men and 40 women with bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy between 2015 and 2018. HRQoL was assessed preoperatively and 1 year post-surgery through Functional Assessment of Cancer

Objective B cell function and autoantibodies are important in SLE pathogenesis. In this work, we aimed to investigate the impact of cumulative SLE B cell genetics on SLE subphenotype and autoantibody profile. Methods Female patients with SLE (n=1248) and healthy controls (n=400) were genotyped using Illumina's Global Screening Array. Two polygenic risk scores (PRSs), one representing B cell genes

There is a serious imbalance between parking demand and capacity in cities due to limitations in their parking facilities. It is important for drivers to know about parking vacancies before their trips. Meanwhile, administrators need information about parking capacity and demand before a week begins to improve parking management. A method is proposed here for predicting parking demand and capacity

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are tightly controlled to maintain a balance between blood cell production and self-renewal. While inflammation-related signaling is a critical regulator of HSC activity, the underlying mechanisms and the precise functions of specific factors under steady-state and stress conditions remain incompletely understood. We investigated the role of interferon regulatory fa

We prove near-optimal tradeoffs for quantifier depth (also called quantifier rank) versus number of variables in first-order logic by exhibiting pairs of n-element structures that can be distinguished by a k-variable first-order sentence but where every such sentence requires quantifier depth at least nω (k/log k). Our tradeoffs also apply to first-order counting logic and, by the known connection

This review summarises the presentations during a workshop session entitled “The Use of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Activators to Treat Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, Obstruction and Fibrosis – Mechanistic Concepts and Clinical Implications” at the International Continence Society (ICS) 2021 Melbourne Virtual meeting. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a highly prevalent condition that can result

Objectives Accumulating evidence suggested that the laminin Î 32 (LAMC2) expression level was upregulated in various cancers. However, the potential prognostic value of LAMC2 in cancers remains unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis to clarify the association of LAMC2 expression with prognosis. Design We searched Embase, Web of Science and PubMed (up to 25 November 2021) to collect all eligible stu

Conflict analysis has been successfully generalized from Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solving to mixed integer programming (MIP) solvers, but although MIP solvers operate with general linear inequalities, the conflict analysis in MIP has been limited to reasoning with the more restricted class of clausal constraint. This is in contrast to how conflict analysis is performed in so-called pseudo-Bool

The models of Georgios Chortatsis's play Erofili, written around 1590, were to a large extent Italian plays written a few generations earlier. Main plot elements were adopted from the Orbecche (1541) by Giovanni Battista Giraldi, with a tragic love story involving a princess and her secret marriage, whereas two of Chortatsis's choral odes included adapted translations from choral odes from Trissin

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder without a cure. Innovative disease models, such as induced neurons (iNs), could enhance our understanding of AD mechanisms and accelerate treatment development. However, a review of AD human iN studies is necessary to consolidate knowledge. Objective: The objective of this review is to examine the current body of litera

Vertebrates and cephalopods are the two major animal groups that view the world through sophisticated camera-type eyes. There are of course exceptions: nautiloid cephalopods have more simply built pinhole eyes. Excellent camera type eyes are also found in other animals, such as some spider groups, a few snails, and certain marine worms, but the vast majority of large camera-type eyes belong to cep

In medical research and within the field of Biology, it is important to find effective tools for probing and manipulating cells, as well as tools for detecting biomolecules. These tools should be sensitive, with high specitivity, and, if aimed at interacting with cells, they should be minimally invasive. In this thesis, I investigated the potential of various nanotools for these purposes. Specific