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Idag behandlas nästan hälften av alla cancerpatienter i Sverige med någon form av strålbehan- dling, som komplement till annan behandling eller som självständig terapi. Strålningen är opti- merad för att koncentrera effekten på tumörområdet och minimera biverkningar på intilliggande organ och vävnad. Dagens strålbehandling utnyttjar flera strålslag som tillför olika behandlings- former och valbarhPurpose/Background Proton beam scanning (PBS) for mediastinal Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL) is limited when treating in free-breathing (FB) due to breathing motion in the thoracic region. Tumour motion and the time structure of the beam delivery will cause interplay and dose blurring effects, resulting in discrepancies of dose in the planned dose distribution both inside and at the edges of tumour v

Leukemi kallas ibland blodcancer för att det drabbar de vita blodkropparna. I själva verket uppstår cancersjukdomen i de blodbildande organen, främst benmärgen och mjälten. Cellgiftsbehandling är den främsta behandlingstekniken men för patienter med hög risk för sjukdomsåterfall kan stamcellstransplantation vara aktuellt som del i behandlingen som ges i kombination med strålbehandling. StrålbehandBackground: Total marrow irradiation (TMI) with helical tomotherapy treatment (HT-TMI) can be used as conditioning regimen for leukemia patients prior to stem cell transplantation by radiating the skeletal tissue. To ensure adequate dose coverage a margin is applied to the clinical target volume (CTV), i.e. planning target volume (PTV) margin. By applying as small margin as possible the dose to or

Background: One of the polymer gel dosimeters available today is the N-isopropylamide (NIPAM) polymer gel dosimeter which has a less toxic monomer compared to other polymer gels and the advantage of being able to be manufactured under normal oxygen levels. Polymer gel dosimeters in general are advantageous independent dosimeters to use for verification of new radiation treatment techniques due to

Introduction: The novel external beam therapy technique using ultra-high dose rates known as FLASH has become known for its normal tissue sparing effect. Currently in Lund, veterinary clinical trials are carried out on canine patients using electrons with ultra- high dose rates. By implementing a treatment planning system for FLASH-irradiation, the dose distribution can be visualized and the gantr

Strålning inom vården används till allt ifrån bedöma benbrott till att behandla cancer. Cancerbehandling med högenergetiskt ljus är den allra vanligaste typen av strålbehandling och brukar benämnas konventionell strålbehandling. Däremot har terapi med protoner blivit allt vanligare runt om i världen. Vid konventionell strålbehandling går energistrålen in i kroppen, genom tumören och ut på andra siPurpose/Background: Utilizing proton therapy (PT) for treatment of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) has demonstrated favorable features, particularly a reduced dose to organs at risk (OAR) in comparison with photon radiotherapy. However, there is a coherent complexity with PT including its uncertainties, such as range-uncertainties and set-up variations as protons are highly sensitive to tissue density var

Avancerade 3D skrivare är en etablerad teknologi och används inom många olika områden. Nu finns det möjligheter att 3D printa hus, proteser och även viss mat kan 3D printas. Detta visar att denna typ av 3D teknologi har en oerhörd bredd och potential. På senare tid har enklare 3D skrivare utvecklats för kommersiellt bruk. Detta har gjort att teknologin blivit mer lättillgänglig för allmänheten ochIntroduction: Today, 3D printing is a versatile tool used in a wide range of fields. With the advent of more cost-effective fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing technologies it is time to investi- gate what such a 3D printer has to offer in radiation science applications. This master thesis will inves- tigate if there is a possibility to use a FDM 3D printer to construct an optically stimu

The purpose of this thesis is to examine how the exposure of the coastal population of Kalimantan, Indonesia changed as a result of coastal mangrove loss and population growth. The change of exposure has therefore been calculated through the loss of mangrove biomass, through deforestation and degradation, over time, as well the increase in population living within 10km2 of disturbed mangroves. TheMangrove ecosystems have the potential to provide a host of ecosystem services to the communities surrounding them. Dense, healthy, networks of mangroves are able to provide a buffer to coastlines against the increasingly frequent and intense storms, expected under the influence of climate change. Additionally, healthy, mangrove ecosystem provide coastal communities with other benefits such as mor

This study aims to investigate how health care social workers experience their license relative to the professionalization of the occupation. Seven qualitative semi-structured interviews were performed with licensed hospital social workers. The framework in this study consists of theory about profession through a set of concepts that constitute criteria for an occupation to be considered a profess

The Svalbard Seed Vault serves as a backup against accidental loss of genetic crop diversity within the existing global conservation system. Addressing this objective, this thesis repeats the 2013 assessment of the Seed Vault’s completeness relative to the global conservation system as performed by Westengen et al (2013, 1). It is shown that gaps have continued to exist in Svalbard’s collection. S

This Bachelor’s thesis is in collaboration with Saab Kockums AB. Saab Kockums develops and constructs marine technology, ships and submarines for civil and military use. In different development stages for systems to be implemented and built on ships, submarines or the like, different components such as sensors or information display systems need to be tested and functionality verified. For the sy

This paper examines the identities of Chinese Muslims who are simultaneously an ethnic minority and a religious majority in the Malaysian social context. The research questions how their identities shape their festival practices and social environments. As the research question in this paper is highly relevant to identity, identity theories serve as the theoretical framework for this paper to supp

Avhopparverksamheter finns till för att hjälpa individer som står inför vägvalet att antingen fortsätta vara kriminell, eller göra vad som krävs för att ändra sin livsstil. Det önskvärda för många är att bo i ett laglydigt samhälle och avhopparverksamheter är idag en viktig del i arbetet för den ambitionen. Men frågan är hur dessa verksamheter arbetar i praktiken, med de människor som kan ses

Simulering av viktnedgång visar minskad belastning på brosket i knäleden Artros i knäleden är en av de vanligaste orsakerna till handikapp bland äldre och medför stora kostnader för samhället och sjukvårdssystem världen runt. Kostnaderna ökar dessutom. Bättre metoder för att tidigt upptäcka artros eftersöks för att kunna sätta in preventiv behandling. Att simulera knäledens biomekanik med beräkniOsteoarthritis (OA) is a common musculoskeletal disorder that degrades articular cartilage and is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Overweight has been considered a major risk factor of knee OA, and it is known that weight loss may reduce the risk of knee OA. The biomechanical mechanisms of how weight loss affects knee cartilage are however unknown. Evaluating the biomechanics of cartilage

The aim of this study has been to achieve a greater understanding of school counselors' arguments regarding their professional role in relation to the pupils' learning and education. Previous research show a correlation with pupils' health and school achievement, which makes school counselors' reasoning regarding the same matter interesting. In this study, qualitative interviews ha

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of gamification on employees in the workplace. Despite the fact that gamification is a relatively recent phenomenon, numerous studies have already been undertaken to develop the concept's theoretical foundation. In order to further expand the topic, the following study examines the workplace experiences of five end users of gamified systems

This thesis investigates how impact assessment can contribute to organisational learning and whether there are ways to enhance it. To answer these questions, the research takes a form of a qualitative case study carried out in collaboration with the non-profit organisation Reach for Change which represents a single case. The research data is drawn from two primary sources of evidence: organisation

Galaxer formas när enorma gasmoln kollapsar på grund av gravitation. Små ojämnheter får gasen att rotera vilket leder till att molnet pressas ihop till en disk. Stjärnor bildas av gasen som i sin tur fortsätter att rotera. Under tid dör stjärnorna och blir till gas igen som sedan bildar nya stjärnor. Interaktioner mellan galaxersker genom kollisioner och gravitationskrafter. Det kan påverka galaxThe Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC & SMC) are the two largest galaxies orbiting the Milky Way (MW). The interactions between them have affected the evolution of both galaxies. The interactions have affected the galaxies differently depending on how strong they have been. Tidal forces from the interactions are argued to have produced a stream of stars and gas called the Magellanic Bridg

Recent years, geopolitical risks have dominated the news feed for the financial markets. There have historically been some geopolitical events that have resulted in major declines in the stock market and such a market day can be classified as a geopolitical Black Swan. The purpose of this essay is to investigate the area of CAPM beta and geopolitical risk where the main investigation is if beta is

Today, the digital transformation provides new avenues for women’s empowerment. Information and communication technologies (ICTs), including the internet, can contribute to greater gender equality by enabling everyone access to the same online resources and opportunities. Yet, the prevalence of a gender digital divide means that many women, not least in Tunisia and the Middle East and North Africa