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The epidemiology and outcomes of acute kidney injury following orthopaedic procedures : A retrospective cohort study

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication following major surgery. This study examined the incidence and risk factors of AKI following orthopaedic surgeries in an Icelandic cohort, as well as the association between AKI and patient- and surgery-related factors. Methods: This retrospective cohort study comprised all patients 18 years and older who underwent orthopaedic surgeri

The causes and implications of sex role diversity in shorebird breeding systems

Males and females often exhibit different behaviours during mate acquisition, pair-bonding and parenting, and a convenient label to characterize these behaviours is sex role. The diverse roles that male and female shorebirds (plovers, sandpipers and allies) exhibit in mating and parenting have played a key role in advancing mainstream theories in avian ecology and behavioural biology including sex

Evaluation of Out-of-Distribution Detection Performance on Autonomous Driving Datasets

Safety measures need to be systemically investigated to what extent they evaluate the intended performance of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for critical applications. Due to a lack of verification methods for high-dimensional DNNs, a trade-off is needed between accepted performance and handling of out-of-distribution (OOD) samples.This work evaluates rejecting outputs from semantic segmentation DNNs

Improving the stability of bivariate correlations using informative Bayesian priors : a Monte Carlo simulation study

Objective: Much of psychological research has suffered from small sample sizes and low statistical power, resulting in unstable parameter estimates. The Bayesian approach offers a promising solution by incorporating prior knowledge into statistical models, which may lead to improved stability compared to a frequentist approach. Methods: Simulated data from four populations with known bivariate cor

Impacts of Collective Communication on the Energy Flexibility and Climate Resilience of Buildings in Urban Areas

A novel approach for demand side management (DSM) in urban areas was introduced previously based on collective intelligence (CI), called CI-DSM. It was shown that CI-DSM can enhance energy flexibility and climate resilience in urban areas while having a simple communication logic and light computation. The communication signal (0 or 1) is (gradually) distributed among the agents in the energy syst

Weaponized disinformation spread and its impact on multi-commodity critical infrastructure networks

The well-publicized disinformation campaigns surrounding recent elections, pandemic vaccination adoption, as well as supply-chain disruptions and shortages have made historical problems of disinformation more apparent. When disinformation targets transportation infrastructure, supply chains can be disrupted, resulting in commodities shortages such as food and fuel, consequently jeopardizing the he

Pain as bad as you can imagine or extremely severe pain? A randomized controlled trial comparing two pain scale anchors

Background: A common method of pain assessment is the numerical rating scale, where patients are asked to rate their pain on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 is “no pain” and 10 is “pain as bad as you can imagine”. We hypothesize such language is suboptimal as it involves a test of a cognitive skill, imagination, in the assessment of symptom severity. Methods: We used a large-scale online research re

How accurate are automated sorption balances? An analysis of errors in wood moisture content from uncertainties in the conditioning environment

Automated sorption balances are increasingly used to determine sorption isotherms of hygroscopic materials like wood. The sorption isotherms are constructed based on a number of equilibrium states between a specimen and the surrounding conditioning environment. In recent years, the uncertainty of these equilibrium states has been thoroughly discussed related to the time at constant environmental c

Coins have both sides : Revealing the structure and pattern of global interdependence network for five critical metals

Evaluating the trade interdependence among countries is the key to understanding critical metal minerals security. By constructing a novel interdependence network, this paper reveals a more comprehensive world hierarchy and risk system of critical metals, and focuses on the interdependencies between China and the US-led MSP countries before and after the Sino-US trade disputes. The results indicat

The relation between synovitis of individual finger joints and grip force over the first 5 years in early rheumatoid arthritis — a cohort study

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the relation between swelling and tenderness of individual finger joints and grip force in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: In an inception cohort of patients with early RA (symptom duration < 12 months), all patients were examined by the same rheumatologist, and grip force was measured using the Grippit instrument at

Effects of low-level RF fields reveal complex pattern of magnetic input to the avian magnetic compass

The avian magnetic compass can be disrupted by weak narrow-band and broadband radio-frequency (RF) fields in the lower MHz range. However, it is unclear whether disruption of the magnetic compass results from the elimination of the perception pattern produced by the magnetic field or from qualitative changes that make the pattern unrecognizable. We show that zebra finches trained in a 4-arm maze t