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Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) are the building blocks of DNA and can be synthesized either de novo or via salvage pathways. The first reaction in the salvage pathway of dNTPs is the conversion of deoxyribonucleosides (dN) into the deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate (dNMP). The corresponding enzymes, deoxyribonucleoside kinases (dNKs), are also important for the activation of many nucleo

It is shown that the isoscalar strength in the energy region just above the low energy threshold, which is created by exciting particles to the continuum in nuclei far from β-stability lines, can be reduced by the attractive coupling to isoscalar shape oscillations. This is in contrast to the well known fact that in β-stable nuclei low lying isoscalar particle hole strengths are always increased b

The immune system is an important part of the physiology of higher organisms. In the immune system antibodies play a key role in neutralizing and clearing potentially lethal threats from the environment. The importance of antibodies in the immune system has made them come to the attention as a tool in chemistry and medicine. This thesis, which is based on four original papers, deal with antibody d

Moderna, multimodala texter är visuellt fragmenterade i den meningen att de byggs upp av rad olika visuella element. Här finns visuellt avgränsade skriftstycken som brödtext, rubrik och ingress, det finns ofta bilder, grafer, kartor, punktlistor samt andra typer av layoutelement (som ramar, rutor och streck) för att organisera sidan. T.ex. ser ett modernt tidningsuppslag inte ut som ett för hundra

Popular Abstract in Swedish Under 1990-talet genomfördes en genomgripande reform av det svenska gymnasiet. Dels ersattes de tidigare gymnasielinjerna med treåriga program, som samtliga ger en grundläggande högskolebehörighet, dels flyttades ansvaret för utbildningens genomförande och ekonomi från staten till kommunerna. Ett kriterierelaterat betygssystem ersatte också det tidigare normrelaterade. The general confidence in equal opportunity and equivalent grades are crucial to the moral justification of the social stratification in the modern society, in which meritocracy holds a hegemonic status. In Sweden, a political aim has been that everybody should get upper secondary education, and the government has established a National Agency for Education to promote and control the quality in ed

Based on in-depth interviews with single and married rural women working as temporary migrants in Beijing, this thesis explores motives for migration, as well as consequences of migration on women with regard to social status and their status as dughters, wives and mothers. The thesis concludes that customs regarding marriage and child-bearing in the home villages of the migrants contribute to the

This work provides a game theoretical analysis of the classical idea of a social contract. According to what we might call the Hobbesian justification of the state, coercion is necessary in order to provide people with basic security and to enable them to successfully engage in mutually beneficial cooperation. The establishment and maintenance of a central coercive power, i.e. a state, can therefo