The Yersinia protein kinase A (YpkA) is injected into host cells by the yersinial type three secretion system (TTSS). YpkA is widely believed to function within the host cell based on the fact that its kinase domain is clearly homologous to eukaryotic Ser/Thr kinases and that its enzymatic activity, when assayed in vitro, is dependent on eukaryotic-derived host factors. Whether this activity is re

It is established that the glomerular filter sieves macromolecules based on their size, shape, and charge. Anionic proteins are thus retarded compared with their neutral or cationic counterparts. However, recent studies have indicated that charge effects are small, or even "anomalous," for polysaccharides. We therefore investigated the impact of charge on the glomerular permeability to polysacchar

Fourier transform spectroscopy has proven to be a useful toot when measuring wavelengths and branching fractions. The high spectral resolution makes it possible to extend and improve term analyses of complex spectra. We present an overview of our measurements with the Fourier transform spectrometer at Lund Observatory. Much of our work is motivated by astrophysical problems, and we show an applica

A technique for extracorporeal immunoadsorption of circulating specific antibodies from the plasma of rats is described. Catheterization of rats was performed using the carotid and the jugular blood vessels. The rats were treated non-anaesthetized. Blood was pumped continuously through a hollow-fibre plasma filter at a rate of 1.5 ml/min and plasma was separated and passed through an adsorbent col

We compared the Q10 relationship for root-derived respiration (including respiration due to the root, external mycorrhizal mycelium and rhizosphere microorganisms) with that of mainly external ectomycorrhizal mycelium and that of bulk soil microorganisms without any roots present. This was studied in a microcosm consisting of an ectomycorrhizal Pinus muricata seedling growing in a sandy soil, and

The influence of salt, temperature, and deuterium oxide on the self-aggregation of n-nonyl-beta-D-glucoside (beta-C(9)G(1)) in dilute solution has been investigated by static and dynamic light scattering, neutron scattering, and tensiometry. Scattering data show that the micelles can be described as relatively stiff, elongated structures with a circular cross section. With a decrease of temperatur

The Drosophila gene ten-m/odz is the only pair rule gene identified to date which is not a transcription factor. In an attempt to analyze the structure and the function of ten-m/odz in mouse, we isolated four murine ten-m cDNAs which code for proteins of 2,700-2, 800 amino acids. All four proteins (Ten-m1-4) lack signal peptides at the NH2 terminus, but contain a short hydrophobic domain character

The aim of the study was to compare and evaluate a multidisciplinary educational programme with traditional follow-up visits to a physician after breast cancer surgery in terms of well-being, aspects of self-care and coping ability 1 year after diagnosis. A reduction in the intensity of follow-up after breast cancer surgery is recommended. New follow-up models are being debated and could be of int

A sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of freely dissolved copper concentrations in aqueous samples after preconcentration with hollow fiber membrane extraction has been developed. The method is based on the equilibrium sampling through a selective membrane into an acceptor solution containing 4-(pyridyl-2-azo)resorcinol (PAR), which serves as stripping agent and metal indicat

We report on cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy studies of a quantum dot infrared photodetector structure consisting of multiple InGaAs quantum wells containing InAs quantum dots and separated by GaAs. We have investigated the composition and size distribution of the InAs quantum dots in this structure. Using cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy images displaying atomic resolut

Cucumber seedlings associated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi Glomus WUM10 or G. caledanium (BEG 15) were grown in PVC tubes with a lateral root-free compartment and an identical compartment containing both hyphae and roots. The amounts of specific fatty acids, in the neutral lipid and phospholipid fractions, were measured in both compartments and compared with controls without mycorrhi

Objectives: In most clinics, follow-up after inguinal hernia surgery is not a routine procedure and complications may pass unnoticed, thus impairing quality assessment. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency, spectrum, and risk factors of short-term adverse events after groin hernia repair. Methods: All patients aged 15 years or older with a primary unilateral inguinal or femoral h

After the enthusiastic celebration of the 20th Anniversary of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer in 2007, the work for the protection of the ozone layer continues. The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel is one of the three expert panels within theMontreal Protocol. This “EEAP” deals with the increase of the UV irradiance on the Earth’s surface and its effects on h

To improve image quality in computer graphics, antialiazing techniques such as supersampling and multisampling are used. We explore a family of inexpensive sampling schemes that cost as little as 1.25 samples per pixel and up to 2.0 samples per pixel. By placing sample points in the corners or on the edges of the pixels, sharing can occur between pixels, and this makes it possible to create inexpe

Although the dic(9;20)(p11-13;q11) is a recurrent chromosomal abnormality in paediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (BCP ALL), occurring in approximately 2% of the cases, its molecular genetic consequences have not been elucidated. In the present study, high-resolution genome-wide array-based comparative genomic hybridisation (array-CGH) and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (F

The excitation of plasma waves over a length of up to 8 cm is demonstrated using laser guiding of intense laser pulses through hydrogen-filled glass capillary tubes. The plasma waves are diagnosed by spectral analysis of the transmitted laser radiation. The dependence of the spectral redshift-measured as a function of filling pressure, capillary tube length, and incident laser energy-is in excelle

Contryphans constitute a group of conopeptides that are known to contain an unusual density of post-translational modifications including tryptophan bromination, amidation of the C-terminal residue, leucine, and tryptophan isomerization, and proline hydroxylation. Here we report the identification and characterization of a new member of this family, glacontryphan-M from the venom of Conus marmoreu