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Background: Aerosol therapy is commonly performed during invasive mechanical ventilation. Although heated humidification is standard practice, studies suggest that humidity can reduce the delivered dose. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the delivered dose can be increased by decoupling humidity control from heating during aerosol drug delivery. Methods: In a bench study setup, albute
AIRs have emerged as climate adaptation technologies to cope with seasonal water scarcity in the changing cryospheric environments of Ladakh. In the era of climate change, it is important to study technologies promoted as climate adaptation solutions to uncover how they relate to the needs of communities and existing power relations. Taking AIRs in Ladakh as a case, this study uses qualitative met
Realistic depictions of past land cover are needed to investigate prehistoric environmental changes, effects of anthropogenic deforestation, and long term land cover-climate feedbacks. Observation based reconstructions of past land cover are rare and commonly used model based reconstructions exhibit considerable differences. Recently \citet[Spatial Statistics, 24:14--31,][]{PirzaLPG2018_24} develo
Atmospheric inverse modelling is a method for reconstructing historical fluxes of green-house gas between land and atmosphere, using observed atmospheric concentrations and an atmospheric tracer transport model. The small number of observed atmospheric concentrations in relation to the number of unknown flux components makes the inverse problem ill-conditioned, and assumptions on the fluxes are ne
Understanding the conditions for peak coal electricity, encompassing peak coal capacity and generation, is relevant for coal-dependent emerging economies yet has received limited attention in the decarbonisation literature. Emerging economies need to reach peak coal amid rapidly growing electricity demand, whereas historical cases of peak coal electricity occurred under stable demand conditions. T
Background Early recognition of emerging heart failure prior to diagnosis could offer an opportunity for prevention-focused care, but it remains unclear whether healthcare seeking patterns before diagnosis indicate an earlier window for intervention. The objective was to determine if changes in utilization appeared during the 12-week pre-diagnosis period preceding a first diagnosis of heart failur
Accurate maps of past land cover and human land-use are necessary when studying the impact of anthropogenic land-cover changes on climate. Ideally the maps of past land cover would be separated into naturally occurring vegetation and human induced changes, allowing us to quantify the effect of human land-use on past climate. Here we investigate the possibility of combining regional, fossil pollen
Life stories are widely promoted in person-centred dementia care as tools to preserve the identity of the ‘person behind the dementia’. However, as cognitive decline progresses, staff often face dilemmas when current expressions of preference appear to contradict a person's documented past, for example, a devout Muslim requesting pork or a lifelong teetotaller showing interest in alcohol. The aim
Bayesian inference under a set of priors, called robust Bayesian analysis, allows for estimation of parameters within a model and quantification of epistemic uncertainty in quantities of interest by bounded (or imprecise) probability. Iterative importance sampling can be used to estimate bounds on the quantity of interest by optimizing over the set of priors. A method for iterative importance samp
Meta-analysis is a statistical method used in evidence synthesis for combining, analyzing and summarizing studies that have the same target endpoint and aims to derive a pooled quantitative estimate using fixed and random effects models or network models. Differences among included studies depend on variations in target populations (i.e. heterogeneity) and variations in study quality due to study
In sound field control applications, it is commonly assumed that one has access to an accurate representation of the sound field in the region of interest. This is a problematic assumption since the reconstruction of a sound field from available microphone measurements is especially challenging in real-time applications where only causal measurements are available. Notably, causal time-windowed ob
The Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) method freezes the original pre-trained model parameters and introduces a small number of trainable parameters from Adapter or LoRA to adapt models to downstream tasks. Current PEFT methods mainly enhance LLMs’ cross-task generalization through rigid pruning and global pruning strategies. However, these approaches suffer from coarse-grained adaptation and
Branched polycations such as poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers have been extensively investigated for applications including drug delivery and gene transfection, where phosphate-buffered solutions are commonly employed to maintain pH. Experimental and simulation studies have reported phosphate accumulation around PAMAM and attributed it, at least in part, to phosphate-specific interactions. Here
This magazine disseminates project results from a four-year research project on governance of AI and automated decision-making in the public sector. The Automated Administration (ADM-GOV) is a project with researchers from Swedish and Finnish universities, led by Lund University and funded by the Future Challenges in the Nordics Programme.For the past four years, we have been studying how AI and a
This work addresses the effect prior knowledge has on future learning in higher education; in particular how domain-specific knowledge (prior courses in mathematics) can predict the test scores in mathematical statistics. This observational study analyzes prior knowledge and test scores of 2576 engineering students registered for the basic course in mathematical statistics during a three-year peri
Maritime decarbonization is not only a technical task; it is also a governance challenge. This chapter argues that decarbonization measures are more likely to be durable when those most affected can meaningfully influence how the transition is shaped. It first outlines the legal framework for regulating shipping emissions under UNCLOS, the international climate regime, and the IMO’s work through M
Outbreaks, by the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus), cause massive ecological and economic damage across Europe. Detecting these attacks early is a significant challenge because ground-truth data of which trees are attacked and when are often scarce or unavailable. This study presents a Conditional Variational Autoencoder (CVAE) designed to detect outbreaks by combining Sentinel-2 time
Maritime decarbonisation is often framed as a techno-economic challenge, with most efforts toward a green future focusing on reducing the sector’s carbon output. There is no shortage of innovation in this regard, and the drive to make the transition happen is strong: the process demands the development of cleaner fuel alternatives and the advancement of propulsion system engineering, complemented
This study critically depicts the position on culpa in contrahendo in European private international law. The critical description is based on a conceptual analysis of culpa in contrahendo: first, the conceptual elements and the legal character of culpa in contrahendo are determined in consideration of the differences between the national legal systems and, more broadly, between the two main legal
