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Understanding the Jus Cogens Debate: : The Pervasive Influence of Legal Positivism and Legal Idealism

Although, today, jus cogens is a recognized element of international law and international legal discourse alike, many issues of vital importance to a well-functioning jus cogens regime remain unsettled. The current debate centers on the following six questions: (1) What is the source of jus cogens obligations? (2) What is the role of consent in the creation and modification of jus cogens norms? (

The influence of soil pH on plant and microbial communities in sandy grasslands

Popular Abstract in Swedish Ovan jord & under ytan Sandstäpp är en hotad växtmiljö eftersom arealen av sandstäpp minskat avsevärt sedan Linnés tid (1700-talet). Vi ställde oss frågan varför den har minskat. För att kunna besvara den måste vi förstå vad växtarterna behöver och förstå hur kemin i marken fungerar. Dessutom vill vi lära oss hur markens organismer påverkas av minskningen av sandstSandy, calcareous grasslands are species rich temperate semi-natural grasslands. The species composition in 136 plots was analysed in relation to soil chemistry parameters; extractable P and N, soil pH and lime content. We found that that acidification and decalcification decrease species diversity and the number of red-listed species in these sandy grasslands. The microbial community was investig

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This article investigates the phenomenon of 'shifts in desire' amongst students of gender studies at five universities in Sweden. Taking its starting point in a fascination of the subversive political potential of challenging the predominant discourse of sexual essentialism it examines which aspects of gender studies my informants attach importance to when relating them to their shifts in desire.

TRIPS and Technology Transfer

Abstract in UndeterminedTRIPS is a trade-off between the interest of the developed world in having its technology respected and the need for technology transfer especially to the least-developed countries. But this balance of interests is poorly expressed in the Agreement, which is primarily devoted to protection of intellectual property rights and only marginally addresses the other side of the c

Smeared Crack analysis Using a Generalized Fictitious Crack model

he fictitious crack model is extended so that it includes the effect of crack shearing. By the introduction of the so-called equivalent length, it is possible to establish a smeared version of the fictitious crack model. The equivalent length is a purely geometrical quantity that depends entirely on the size and form of the element and on the crack direction. A realistic modeling of crack shearing